Sentence examples for mutations to reduce from inspiring English sources

As a consequence of long-term interaction between HBV and infected patients, the virus evolves mutations to reduce epitopes for evading immune detection and clearance, especially escape from T cell recognition (Maman et al., 2011; Westover and Hughes, 2007).

Stabilization is not the only objective for which the approach is useful, and others could include the selection of residues for nondisruptive destabilizing mutations to reduce the lifetime of proteins, or to generate proteins that can be used to screen for second-site revertants in evolutionary engineering strategies.

The deficiency strains were put through the same mating protocol as the point mutations to reduce or eliminate background effects.

Some SNPs might be compensatory mutations to reduce an adverse effect of primary resistance mutations in what are, after all, essential enzymes.

Gatenby et al. [ 55] propose a mathematical model that allows for somatic evolution in development of breast cancer resulting in up-regulation of glycolysis to maintain ATP production despite hypoxia, as well as mutations to reduce acid-mediated toxicity.

To functionally probe this hypothesis, we used double-mutant cycles, illustrated schematically in Figure 4A for Ala114, with the M112A and A114G mutations to reduce the size of each hydrophobic side chain.

In the absence of guanidine most of the mutations appeared to reduce the yield of amyloid, with the A4V mutation completely abolishing amyloid formation (Table S1).

Evidence for greater complexity of the mutation and/or selection pressures operating on mRNA sequences was provided by the greater number of mutations needed to reduce model error and larger minimum value from the best fitted model.

Mutations designed to reduce the size of the SF-1 pocket or to disrupt hydrogen bonds with the phospholipid abolish SF-1/coactivator interactions and significantly reduce SF-1 transcriptional activity.

Less Mor-DNA-His-α ternary complex was formed when Pm mutations designed to reduce α-DNA binding were used.

Although we took care in the construction of the secondary mutation strains to reduce selection for compensatory mutations (see Materials and Methods), we cannot rule out that they may have occurred.