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Experience with BTV suggests that they are also prone to cross-reactions between types, particularly in areas where multiple virus serotypes are co-circulating [58], [59].
This has led to a change in the status of numerous countries, which have evolved from non-endemic (no serotype present) to hyperendemic (continuous co-circulation of multiple virus serotypes), as well as to an increase in the frequency of severe disease forms [3].
Epidemics increased in both frequency and magnitude, and the viruses became hyperendemic (cocirculation of multiple virus serotypes) in most major cities of the tropics.
To further understand its complex epidemiology, which involves multiple virus serotypes and host species, we characterized the viruses recovered from FMD outbreaks in Ethiopia during 1981 2007.
Dengue is of major international public health concern because of the expanding geographic distribution of the virus amd competent mosquito vectors, increased frequency of epidemics, cocirculation of multiple virus serotypes, and emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new areas.
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In particular, weakly efficacious vaccination strategies against multiple virus serotype diversity may be counter productive to disease control efforts.
The objective of this work is to seek proof-of-concept for the hypothesis that a single vaccine vector targeting multiple DEN virus serotypes has the potential to bypass the risk of viral interference inherent in the currently prevalent approach of mixing 'monovalent' vaccines.
14 This finding could also be caused by partial cross-protection conferred by previous multiple exposures to other dengue virus serotypes.
It also suggests that the C-ELISA and I-ELISA are both highly sensitive tests for use in cattle populations with multiple exposures to different FMD virus serotypes.
Dengue is endemic in tropical countries worldwide and the four dengue virus serotypes often co-circulate.
This chimeric antigen incorporates the envelope domain III (EDIII) of the four dengue virus serotypes.
Related(19)
various virus serotypes
multiple enterovirus serotypes
multiple virus types
multiple virus strains
multiple virus clades
multiple virus exposures
multiple virus infections
multiple virus species
multiple virus lineages
multiple virus representatives
multiple dengue serotypes
multiple virus families
multiple virus introductions
multiple virus segments
multiple virus detections
multiple virus isolations
multiple infecting serotypes
multiple virus particles
multiple virus processes
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