Sentence examples for multiple virus clades from inspiring English sources

The sensitivity and specificity of the epitope-blocking ELISA for H5N1 were evaluated using chicken antisera to multiple virus clades and other influenza subtypes as well as serum samples from individuals naturally infected with H5N1 or seasonal influenza viruses.

To the Editor: Since the first detection of the influenza A(H5N1) virus in geese in China during 1996 (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h5n1-virus.htm), H5 subtype viruses have continued to reassort and evolve, giving rise to multiple virus clades and gene constellations.

Cows are susceptible to both Vaccinia virus and the multiple Cowpox virus clades.

The emergence of multiple antigenically distinct virus clades, resulting in a need for clade-specific vaccine candidates, has posed a substantial challenge for the design of subtype H5N1 virus vaccines (5 ).

Overall, there was limited association between virus clades and their originating geographic regions (Figures 1 and 2), indicating multiple introductions had occurred.

The median/mean IC50 values among virus clades were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance and the Dunn's multiple comparison test, respectively.

The binding of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to HIV-1 was dependent upon the virus clade.

However, the Micromonas virus clade is strongly supported and contains several well-defined clades.

Multiple viruses were identified in 41 patients.

Most, but not all of the immunogens tested elicited antibodies that neutralized tier 1 clade B viruses, and some sera neutralized multiple clade C viruses.

One such antibody, MAb 9F4 was shown to provide heterologous protection against multiple H5N1 clade viruses, including one of the recently designated subclades, namely 2.3.4, through binding to a novel epitope, warranting its further development and characterization as a therapeutic candidate.