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To achieve optimal fitness, a mutation with a conditionally detrimental effect in a population can either be selected out, or else other mutations may accumulate (mutation accumulation) to compensate the antagonism (Orr 2000; Pavlicev and Wagner 2012; D'Souza and Wagner 2014).
Under these conditions, mutations may accumulate that (a) improve early-life performance even at the expense of late-life performance (antagonistic pleiotropy, [3]), or (b) are unconditionally deleterious but are expressed only late in life (mutation accumulation, [4]).
This correlation could be construed as a reduction of the Hill-Robertson effect between functional genomic elements in areas of low recombination and/or as a depletion of functional genomic elements in regions with a low recombination rate where more slightly deleterious mutations may accumulate [13].
Mutations may accumulate faster in such organisms due to the slow rate of gene flow.
Hence when genetic drift is strong, deleterious mutations may accumulate, leading to an irreversible decline in population fitness [ 13].
The duplication-degeneration-complementation model [ 61] proposes that degenerative mutations may accumulate in each duplication product, resulting in subfunctionalization.
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Genome replacement is an effective method to remove deleterious mutations that may accumulate in a specific genome and/or to acquire advantageous genes.
One might predict a decline in the balance and efficiency of the immune system, abnormal cytokine production, poor metabolic functions and neurodegeneration all could result from mutations that may accumulate in the tissue specific stem cells over a lifetime.
One may often wish to have a global measure of changes in sensitivity of the direct character to changes in τ, in order to predict the amount of additional genetic variation that may accumulate by mutation in response to reduced selective intensity on δ.
In general, genes that are not expressed may accumulate mutations, including mutations in residues critical to the normal function of the protein.
Most other cow tRNA genes have accumulated at least one point mutation during the evolution of the vertebrates, since a tRNA gene may accumulate mutations while still retaining biological function.
Related(20)
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