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> -wrap-foot> OPA1 mutations exert a deleterious effect on in vivo mitochondrial function, irrespective of mutational subtypes and disease severity.
The mechanism by which PRKN mutations exert a pathogenic effect is not fully understood, but may involve loss of function and inhibition of parkin's ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and consequent enhancement of neurodegeneration via impaired ubiquitination of substrates [15].
Rather, driver somatic mutations exert a selective advantage to cancer cells.
Other CdLS-related HDAC8 mutations exert a more direct effect on catalysis, such as the H180R mutation that removes a protein ligand to the catalytically obligatory Zn2+ ion.
Taken together, the results of these functional analyses indicate that both mutations exert a negative effect on the biological functions of SAMHD1.
These mutations exert a dominant oncogenic effect that correlates with the clinical response to gefitinib, contrasted with the low response rate seen in patients lacking these mutations (Lynch et al, 2004; Paez et al, 2004).
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When phenotypic mutations exert an effect on fitness, selection can operate on the intermediate allele of a complex trait, which otherwise (without phenotypic mutations) would be neutral.
The multivariate Cox analysis for OS confirmed that the role of KRAS mutations and loss of PTEN was significant in conferring worse clinical outcome (HR = 1.72, p = 0.043 and HR = 0.54, p = 0.012, respectively), with also BRAF mutations exerting a detrimental borderline effect (HR = 2.31, p = 0.093).
The first is that the Mstn loss-of-function mutation exerts a maternal effect such that muscle mass of the fetus is influenced by the number of functional Mstn alleles in the mother.
We again observed that the recq4a mutation exerted a marginal effect on flowering time; however, there was no interactive effect between the recq4a mutation and the MAF4 genotype (Table S7).
Thus, there exists a possibility of this missense mutation exerting a sufficiently strong dominant negative effect on the protein function, which does not necessitate the presence of the second hit NF2 gene inactivating event in this tumor.
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