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Other studies have shown that ARV therapy can affect results obtained with antibody-titer-based assays, leading to misclassification of samples from chronically infected individuals as recent [21], [22].
While we did not have the power to detect small differences in BED test results, given the range of optical density values observed in pregnancy, there was nothing to suggest that pregnancy would lead to misclassification of samples from chronically-infected women as recent.
Slack variables, ξ i, measure the degree of misclassification of samples x i.
Second, IL-23 mRNA expression was also significantly correlated with mRNA expression of CD21L as molecular marker of ELN (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001) (Fig. 3d), thereby excluding a potential bias by histological misclassification of samples with regard to ELN.
There exist several plausible reasons for these observations, such as the existence of false positives in CNV genome-wide surveys, inaccurate disease-frequency estimates, embryonic lethality effect for homozygous deletions of specific genes, misclassification of samples as normal controls, and rescue of the altered gene function by other related gene product [ 22].
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However, the high sensitivity with a low specificity results in misclassifications of samples with adequate colostral IgG, serum IgG and milk total solids as inadequate.
In contrast, the cross validation performed by Ross et al [ 14] using ANN resulted in additional misclassifications of samples from the hyperdiploid and the TEL-AML1 subgroup, with prediction accuracies of 95%and96%6%, respectively.
With a single SLFN training by ELM or OP-ELM on the protein sequence dataset, the misclassification number of samples may be high.
Misclassification of some samples as recent by the BED assay has been documented in previous studies [22], [23].
Some cost-sensitive learning methods, such as AdaC1, AdaC2, AdaC3 [ 16], and AdaCost [ 21], extend AdaBoost with the pre-specified cost matrix, which gives high penalization to the misclassification of the samples in the minority class.
Furthermore, some of the links could be spurious due to methodological reasons (e.g.: misclassification of a sample) and/or technological reasons (e.g.: cross hybridization of probes resulting in wrong genotyping).
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bias of samples
error of samples
grading of samples
categorization of samples
ranking of samples
mix up of samples
misclassification of causes
misclassification of subtypes
misclassification of exposures
misclassification of subjects
misclassification of workers
misclassification of participants
misclassification of cases
misclassification of diseases
misclassification of employees
misclassification of beneficiaries
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