Misclassification of exposures and outcomes is possible.
The use of self-report may also lead to misclassification of exposures and outcomes by respondents, potentially resulting in under-reporting of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the swimmers.
Misclassification of exposures such as sex partners, paid sex and STI may be present in all studies based on self-reported risk factors.
This procedure assessed misclassification of exposures, outcomes, and confounders (age, residence, religion, education, marital status, sexual behavior, condom use, any STI, male's circumcision status), as well as representativeness of samples (high-risk groups, general population or other).
When information on maternal deaths is collected as part of a larger verbal autopsy study not specifically designed to study maternal mortality in detail, additional data extraction may be necessary to avoid misclassification of exposures of interest (such as planned place of birth, skill attendance).
This approach probably introduced some misclassification of exposures.
Misclassification of exposure usually leads to biased estimates of exposure response associations.
The most frequent reasons for decreased study quality were potential misclassification of exposure and selection bias.
These findings demonstrated that confounding and misclassification of exposure and outcome status are not major concerns for the study.
This type of misclassification of exposure could militate against detecting an association.
Poor recall could have led to misclassification of exposure information.
