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Exact(6)
Our TALEN approach appears to be highly efficient: targeted mutation events were detected in 50% of all transformants obtained, whereas 21% of the transformants were found to be bi-allelic knockout lines.
Two distinct mutation events were first reported in C. pipiens and C. quinquefasciatus species [5].
No other mutation events were included in the model.
However, these insertion mutation events were rare, occurring at an average frequency of only 0.16%, indicating that 8-oxodG seldom altered the fidelity of hPolκ before the lesion entered the polymerase active site.
Experimentation showed that wild types virtually never went extinct after a mutation event had occurred; so, runs with mutation events were counted as successful, even though they were usually aborted if the mutants subsequently went extinct.
Several single and multiple repeat events could be observed, 29 (52%) mutation events were changes due to single repeats (either insertion or deletion), and the remaining 27 (48%) involved multiple repeat changes (Table 2).
Similar(54)
The relative ratio of recombination events versus mutation events was then determined.
Since independent mutation events are very unlikely to hit the exact same nucleotide site, each observed mutation should be found in only a single mutant strain.
The youngest splits in the tree (common ancestors for haplotypes 6 7 and 60 61) were dated even closer to the LGM: with a mean of 29 34 ka (1 76 ka) from the coalescent estimation in BEAST; when based on the mutation rate of 7.6% per site per Ma (for transitions in third-codon positions of cytochrome b in Littorina [28]), the average time for these mutation events is 33 ka.
Tandem mutation events are common in mutagen-induced mutation spectra from mutagenicity assays.
The information from known co-varying genes is important for estimating the background mutation rates in the genomic regions where few mutation events are observed.
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