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To elucidate the nature of this ongoing activity, we present a theoretical treatment of two contrasting scenarios of cortical dynamics: (1) fluctuations about a single background state and (2) wandering among multiple "attractor" states, which encode a single or several stimulus features.
Studying a more realistic model that incorporates correlations in the feed-forward input, spatially restricted cortical interactions, and an experimentally derived layout of pinwheels, we show that recent optical-imaging data of ongoing activity in V1 are consistent with the presence of either a single background state or multiple attractor states encoding many features.
Small gene networks with mutual regulation of genes can generate multiple attractor states (multistability) and have recently been studied in synthetic [2], [3] or in natural gene networks [4], [5].
Therefore, while the bistability (or multiple attractor states) could represent working memory, it plays the additional role of influencing the dynamics of the system such that the resulting trajectories correspond to different classes of working memory behavior (i.e. cue-coupled or response-coupled delay period patterns).
Beisner et al. [ 17] describe the "ecosystem" perspective on alternate stable states, which involves changes driven by abiotic environmental conditions, and the "community" perspective, which involves multiple attractor states that can exist under fixed environmental conditions.
Similar(55)
Since then, analytic and computational models have demonstrated the ability ofsuch recurrent networks to produce multiple discrete attractor states [4], as in Hopfield networks [5, 6], or to be capable of integration over time via a marginally stable network, oftentermed a line attractor [7, 8].
Ever since the recognition of gene regulation it has been proposed that cell differentiation into a variety of cell types is due to the emergence of multiple stable attractor states in GRNs which guarantee the stability of the cell type specific expression patterns [2], [3], [4].
Then remove the forcing and retest for multiple attractors ('alternate community states').
The model demonstrates that the relative response characteristics of the multiple vegetation types and their mutual feedback with geomorphic processes impart a significant influence on landscape equilibrium or attractor states.
Attractor states can be present.
These two states constitute attractor states.
Related(18)
several attractor states
multiple swing states
multiple disease states
multiple health states
multiple activation states
multiple output states
multiple valence states
multiple donor states
multiple spin states
multiple charge states
multiple transition states
multiple oxide states
multiple oxidation states
multiple conductance states
multiple gene states
multiple character states
multiple activity states
multiple excitation states
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com