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Recently, Deng et al. showed that it is possible to artificially induce pluripotency in mouse somatic cells using seven small molecules alone[60].
By using a telomere-tagged transgenic mouse strain, ALT was recently found to exist in normal mouse somatic cells, but not in the germline (Neumann et al., 2013).
These results indicated that the nuclei of mouse somatic cells frozen even without cryoprotectant can be reprogrammed by SCNT.
Genetic reprogramming to a pluripotent state of mouse somatic cells was first achieved by ectopic expression of four factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) using retroviruses [1].
Recently, in a milestone experiment, Takahashi and Yamanaka [30] have shown reprogramming of mouse somatic cells into pluripotent, embryonic-like cells by the ectopic expression of only a four genes.
Numerous laboratories have demonstrated that human and mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells or iPS cells by the forced expression of a characterized set of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4, Nanog, and Lin28) in various combinations [1] [10].
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However, epigenetic errors imposed on individuals are normally erased during germ cell development and are never transmitted to the next generation by natural mating, as shown in mouse somatic cell cloning experiments [30], [31].
The Cot-1 domain of the X was not reduced with the expression of XIST, which fails to localize to the human X chromosome in a mouse somatic cell background.
This work shows that mouse somatic cell nuclei, when transplanted to Xenopus oocytes, undergo multiple histone modifications.
Recently, an optimized medium (iSF1) for mouse somatic cell reprogramming was reported, which uses KSR supplemented with 1/200 N2 and 5 ng/ml bFGF.
It is known that mouse somatic cell nuclei transplanted to Xenopus laevis oocyte germinal vesicles (GVs) undergo transcriptional reprogramming in order to express pluripotency genes, including Oct4 that are not expressed in normal adult somatic cells [ 1].
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