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Among these modifications, H3K4 me3 is very likely to be important for the efficient reprogramming of mouse somatic nuclei by Amphibian oocytes.
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Munsie, M. J. et al. Isolation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from reprogrammed adult mouse somatic cell nuclei.
This work shows that mouse somatic cell nuclei, when transplanted to Xenopus oocytes, undergo multiple histone modifications.
It is known that mouse somatic cell nuclei transplanted to Xenopus laevis oocyte germinal vesicles (GVs) undergo transcriptional reprogramming in order to express pluripotency genes, including Oct4 that are not expressed in normal adult somatic cells [ 1].
The reprogramming of mouse somatic cell nuclei by X. oocyte GVs provides a unique opportunity to analyse the fundamental mechanisms that accompany transcriptional reprogramming without DNA replication and cell division.
This approach allows the earliest steps in reprogramming to be followed by employing a combination of species-specific antibodies, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, and RT-PCR primers to discriminate events that occur within individual mouse and human (somatic) nuclei after cellular fusion (Pereira et al., 2008; Piccolo et al., 2011).
Bortvin, A. et al. Incomplete reactivation of Oct4-related genes in mouse embryos cloned from somatic nuclei.
Susceptibility to environment has been previously reported for the H19 gene whose expression in mouse zygotes could be experimentally manipulated by in vitro culture conditions [31] and for reprogrammability of somatic nuclei in mouse clones [32].
These results indicated that the nuclei of mouse somatic cells frozen even without cryoprotectant can be reprogrammed by SCNT.
To evaluate whether DNA synthesis was required to initiate pluripotent gene expression from somatic nuclei, we fused human B cells and mouse ESCs and then monitored human pluripotent gene induction following treatment with agents that block DNA synthesis.
"Embryonic stem cells generated by nuclear transfer of human somatic nuclei into rabbit oocytes".
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