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The leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a well-established stem cell marker in the adult mouse intestinal crypt.
To further study the underlying molecular mechanism for the development and maintenance of these adult stem cells, we have cloned and characterized the orphan leucine-rich repeat G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a well established stem cell marker in the adult mouse intestinal crypt [16], [17], [18].
Our study of Rab8a function in the mouse intestinal crypt compartment extended previous analyses performed in differentiated enterocytes (Sato et al., 2007).
It has recently been demonstrated that mouse intestinal crypt cells can be propagated to form intestinal organoids in 3-D Matrigel culture supplemented with four growth factors; EGF (E), Wnt3a (W), R-spondin1 (R) and Noggin (N) [ 14].
Although the analysis of the data is consistent with neutral competition between 13 equipotent CySCs, by the nature of the neutral competition model, we cannot rule out the possibility that the stem cell compartment is heterogeneous with cells moving reversibly between states in which they become primed for duplication or loss, as recently defined in the mouse intestinal crypt (Ritsma et al, 2014).
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Staining of BoNT/A complex, BoNT/A holotoxin and HA70 in the mouse intestinal crypts.
Notably, however, it has been proposed that the development of mouse intestinal crypts is designed to minimize the time to formation of a mature crypt [ 12].
In a recent study, Vermeulen et al., have followed stem cell dynamics in mosaic mouse intestinal crypts harboring stem cells with intestinal-tumor associated mutations [ 18 ].
5 Adenoviral and transgenic expression of DKK-1, an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, decimated the presence of mouse intestinal crypts.
Analyses of generic Wnt/β-catenin targets in Rab8a knockout mouse intestinal crypts indicate reduced signaling activities; maturation of Paneth cells – a Wnt-dependent cell type – is severely affected.
In another study by van Oudenaarden and colleagues on the formation of mouse intestinal crypts, stem cells initially undergo only symmetric divisions, generating more stem cells until the entire adult pool is established.
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