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The data revealed effects of frequency modulated by contextual appropriateness on the mismatch response, as represented here by the iMMN.
Our experiments demonstrate that subjective visibility and contrast discrimination of a test stimulus can both be modulated by contextual surround cues that reinforce perceptual segmentation from (versus integration with) a superimposed mask.
Note that this does not mean that the US participants were completely unaffected by context changes since previous studies using Western participants have shown that behavioral responses and eye-movements to objects are modulated by contextual information [20], [23], [26], [29].
In temporal areas, theta oscillations are modulated by contextual and spatial decision tasks, and also correlate with memory retrieval (Kahana et al., 1999; Guitart-Masip et al., 2013).
In other words, to minimize free energy, action selection needs to be modulated by contextual information, which is accommodated by precision.
A recent influential model posits spatially distributed layers of such control, including stimulus response mappings in premotor cortex that are modulated by contextual control processes that are represented in caudal lateral prefrontal cortex (Koechlin et al. 2003).
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The data also support previous observations that LTD is modulated by spatial contextual learning.
In this study, experienced and naïve monkeys showed differences in their ratio-dependency, raising the possibility that analog representation of small sets may be modulated by individual and contextual variables.
Results revealed that amplitudes of a positive EEG component emerging at 200 300 ms after the presentation of the artworks (mainly distributed over the parietal cortex) were significantly modulated by both visual and contextual factors, indicating a rapid integration of these two types of information in the brain.
Auditory evoked mismatch negativity activity was modulated by the frequency and contextual appropriateness of assimilations conveyed by pseudowords.
Infant auditory evoked potentials have also been reported to be modulated by differences in the contextual relevance of word forms (i.e., mismatching, or completely novel words) in picture contexts (Friedrich and Friederici, 2005; Mani et al., 2011), and by the familiarity of auditory word forms (Mills et al., 2004, 2005; Thierry et al., 2003; Vihman et al., 2007).
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modulated by simultaneous
modified by contextual
modulated by environmental
modulated by landscape
modulated by environment
modulated by associated
modulated by horizontal
modulated by background
modulated by noradrenergic
modulated by Ta
modulated by extracellular
modulated by cytokine
modulated by motivational
modulated by glucocorticoid
modulated by multi-site
modulated by post-translational
modulated by several
modulated by many
modulated by regional
modulated by free
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