To identify potential GR primary target genes in adipocytes, we performed microarray analyses to isolate genes whose expression is modulated by glucocorticoids upon 6-hour-DEX treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
21 22 AnxA1 is highly abundant in myeloid and stromal cells and its expression can be modulated by glucocorticoids and other anti-inflammatory drugs.
Because of the known role of MARCH1 on HLA-DR trafficking [ 24, 25], we investigated whether MARCH1 was modulated by glucocorticoids.
Oxidative stress, which seems to play an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction [ 23], is another parameter that was shown to be modulated by glucocorticoids [ 50].
This study has identified regulatory gene networks that are stress activated, and may be modulated by glucocorticoids in leukocytes, and provides a mechanistic framework to characterise the multifaceted nature of weaning stress adaptation in beef calves.
Endogenous glucocorticoid action within cells and tissues is modulated by intracellular glucocorticoid metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), which interconvert active glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone) and intrinsically inert 11-keto metabolites (cortisone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone) (4).
This peripheral rhythm of fibroblasts can be modulated by systemic factors, such as glucocorticoids [ 16].
Endogenous glucocorticoid action is modulated by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD).
In particular, NF-κB is a target modulated by many iNOS inhibitors such as glucocorticoids and antioxidants [ 11].
Transport of glucocorticoids can be modulated by a changing ratio of cortisol and corticosterone, with evidence of saturable transport in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
