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Exact(5)
Fm was obtained by applying illumination at 680 nm for a few seconds before and at the end of illumination, with minimal fluorescence (F0) being the initial measurement at the minimum fluorescence level in the absence of photosynthetic light.
Fo is the minimum fluorescence level in the dark-adapted condition.
After 20 min dark adaptation, minimum fluorescence level (Fo) was determined with a low intensity measuring light.
The actinic light was then closed, and light−adapted minimum fluorescence level (Fo') was determined using a far red light for 5s.
The maximal fluorescence intensity (Fmax) was assessed by the addition of Triton X-100 (0.1%) with Ca2+ (5 mmol/L), and the minimum fluorescence level (Fmin) was determined after the addition of 25 mmol/L EGTA (pH = 9).
Similar(55)
A control slide stained only with secondary antibody was used to determine exposure time and to set minimum background fluorescence levels for each fluorophore imaged.
On average, a minimum of 20-fold higher fluorescence level could be achieved from integration into the native plasmid.
The steady-state fluorescence level (FS), the light-adapted minimum (Fo') and maximum (Fm') fluorescence of leaf discs were also measured after illumination.
the minimum fluorescence in the dark-adapted state.
The minimum fluorescence (F0) and maximal fluorescence (Fm) of dark-adapted leaves of photosystem II (PSII) were assessed concurrently.
Maximum and minimum fluorescence values were determined after addition of Triton X-100 and EDTA, respectively.
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