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Exact(8)
The J–I phase (at 30 50 ms) is due to the closure of the remaining centers (further reduction of QA and various redox states of temporary maximum of Q A − Q B 2− ) and the I P phase (ends at about 300 500 ms) corresponds to the full reduction of the plastoquinone pool (equivalent to maximum fluorescence level Fm).
A series of stepwise increasing irradiance intensities (red LEDs; 0-2000 μmol photons m−2 s−1) were applied in 20 s intervals to obtain the 'steady-state' fluorescence level (F′) and then a saturating pulse (>10,000 μmol photons m−2 s−1, 0.6 s duration) was triggered to reach the maximum fluorescence level (Fm′).
NPQ was as follows:
Maximum fluorescence level (Fm) was measured after 0.5 s saturating pulse at 4,000 μmolm−2s−1.
Light adapted maximum fluorescence level (Fm') was measured with a second saturating pulse (0.5 s, 4,000 μmolm−2s−1).
Maximum fluorescence level during illumination (Fm′) was measured by a 0.8 s saturating pulse at 4000 μmol m−2 s−1.
Similar(52)
Furthermore, maximum fluorescence levels are comparable with ALA-Hex control in both cell lines.
The photosynthetic rate, expressed as rETR [43], was as follows:
(D ) SNR curves for CaRuby-Me at different maximum fluorescence levels (maximal photon numbers indicated next to the corresponding curves).
The maximum Chl a fluorescence level of 30 min dark-adapted leaves (Fm) was determined during a saturating 1 s flash of 3500 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR light.
In this case, the level of maximum fluorescence observed for control, non-irradiated proteins was much higher than that of non-irradiated serum (Fig. 3C E, as compared with Fig. 3A B).
Related(20)
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