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Today, a second, smaller plaque on the tree notes that it survived until 1935, when the U.D.C. planted the current maple as a replacement.
The VP1 I194F mutant had a smaller plaque phenotype than wild-type virus, and the amino acid substitution rendered the virus more susceptible to heat inactivation.
Surprisingly, ApoE−/− Nrf2−/− mice exhibited significantly smaller plaque area than ApoE−/− controls (11.5% vs 29.5%).
Similar plaque sizes were observed for rNDV and rNDV-HA, but a slightly smaller plaque size was observed for rNDV-HAF (Figure 3B).
When considering the relative abundance of M2 over M1 MØ (Arg I+ single positive/Arg II+ single positive ratio) it appeared that, regardless of the disease stage, the prevalence of the M2 phenotype was associated with smaller plaque surface areas (Fig. 3D).
Since neurons and epithelial cells use similar machinery for transport, gE is also likely to be involved in intracellular transport in epithelial cells, although this process would not be essential to viral propagation in these cells, it may be responsible for smaller plaque size due to fewer virions reaching the cell surface for release.
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Plaque assays and intracellular proliferation tests showed that the ΔNcGRA17 strain formed smaller plaques and had slower intracellular growth.
Other studies could not confirm the association between ulceration and plaque volume, highlighting the fact that even smaller plaques may be ulcerated [53].
Plaque assays, invasion assays and intracellular proliferation tests indicated that the ΔNcROP16 strain phenotypes had changed, resulting in smaller plaques and slower intracellular growth.
Modest alterations in plaque morphology on Vero cell culture were noted with some increases in plaque heterogenity resulting from the appearance of some smaller plaques in all lineages.
In contrast, 263K-infected brains showed focal patchy or smaller plaque-like deposits with a diameter of 5 15 μm in gray and white matter structures.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com