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Plaque age correlated inversely with the mRNA signals of the 13 genes in this cluster; that is, patients with low plaque ages, and thus faster plaque formation time, had higher expression levels and, as noted earlier, higher plasma insulin levels.
The global analysis of gene expression in the plaque core further supports the notion that mild insulin resistance (only two patients were diagnosed with diabetes) leads to faster plaque formation time, possibly by triggering inflammation in the plaque (and more inflammatory cells, as indicated by IHC analysis of CD68).
Older adults experience faster plaque production than younger adults because of the dual effects of gingival recession and reduced saliva production[ 7].
Similar(57)
Its problems are building faster than plaque in Americans' arteries.
These findings were corroborated by in vivo imaging studies of AD transgenic (APP/PS1) mice, which reported a change in size of a subset of plaques [ 2] or a gradual growth of almost all plaques, which was faster in smaller plaques and younger animals [ 24].
("Early" plaque, he insisted).
Especially the question how fast amyloid plaques grow to their final size after they are born remains controversial.
We found similar results in the APPswe/PS1L166P mouse model [ 48], which accumulates plaques faster than the deltaE9 model: here, spines were lost only in the vicinity (<50 µm) of plaques, while spines were not altered distant (>50 µm) to plaques or before plaques had appeared [ 3].
Elevated plasma insulin levels were found to be associated with faster formation of the plaques.
Consistent with this notion, genes involved in immune responses and oxidative phosphorylation were more active in plaques with faster formation times.
It has been shown that VSMCs derived from human atherosclerotic plaques senesce faster than cells from normal vessels (Bennett et al. 1998).
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