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The TB test, called a line probe assay, costs less than $8 and detects mutations in bacterial DNA linked to drug resistance.
To identify the amino acids important for cysteine synthase complex formation, several mutations in bacterial OASTL were designed.
Witkin's research initially discovered what is known as the DNA damage response in bacteria, showing how ultraviolet light triggers mutations in bacterial DNA and, in turn, how certain genes activate to help the bacteria survive the stress.
The results of this study suggest that maximum pollution into Harike wetland was brought by river Satluj (site 1 and 2) which was contaminated with toxic chemicals causing mutations in bacterial strains and as well as single and double stranded breaks in plasmid DNA.
In addition, researchers have also developed a three-tier security fence to safeguard the data, and created an encoding mechanism that ensures the data can't be disturbed by mutations in bacterial cells.
By making mutations in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, scientists can determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways in bacteria, then apply this knowledge to more complex organisms.
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The same mutation in bacterial TSPO was recently reported to disrupt the binding of PpIX.
Two basic mechanisms are known to accelerate mutation in bacterial strains: a loss of DNA repair or proofreading systems and the induction of pro-mutagenic pathways.
One is the heterogeneity of cells in the frozen stock of the culture collection centres; the other is the frequent spontaneous mutation in bacterial genomes, an event that may be unavoidable during the long cultivation of bacterial cells.
Fusidic acid resistance in S. aureus has been reported throughout the world with prevalence ranging from 0.5% to 50% and is due to i) point mutation in bacterial fusA or fusE gene and ii) by acquired FA resistance determinants fusB, C and D. Indian report of fusidic acid resistant S. aureus (FRSA) is based on phenotypic detection.
Haphazard mutations occur in bacterial genomes, and bacteria randomly swap genetic elements.
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