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The different molecular assays each flagged either 11 or 12 as putative false hybrids, whereas field observation of morphological characters only exposed seven of these.
Probable reasons for this are that in immature stages there appears to be no morphological characterization that would distinguish Ditrysia from monotrysians, and the methodological decision to exclude morphological characters only applicable for resolving interrelationships within Monotrysia.
Faltýnková et al. [ 16] referred to a natural infection of R. peregraa with F. magna, but the snail and the parasite determination was based on morphological characters only, and molecular confirmation was missing.
We conducted phylogenetic analyses using: (i) morphological characters only (80 species × 220 characters), (ii) molecular characters only (76 species × 6032 characters), and (iii) combined morphological and molecular data (80 species × 6252 characters).
Introgression from wild to cultivated germplasm and vice versa both during seed multiplication in genebanks as well as in the wild pose a problem for proper maintenance and correct classification of the material, which usually is based on few morphological characters only.
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This study suggests that the same evolutionary pattern may not only apply to morphological characters, but also to transcriptomic divergence at the level of recently evolved lineages of fish.
Limits of species with distance to nearest neighbour < 2% in our data set were supported by morphological characters, but these were occasionally subtle and/or only detectable in the males, possibly suggesting a recent divergence time [ 23].
Biodiversity assessments that are based primarily on morphological characters not only are labour intensive, but risk also under – or over-estimation of biodiversity [10].
In fact, among the clades that differ between the two analyses, non-homoplastic morphological characters support only one clade (Himantolophidae, Diceratiidae, and Melanocetidae) and that with only a single character (8: the condition of the ventromedial extensions of the frontals).
The relationship of genomic, chromosomal, and phylogenetic analyses to species delimitation and their correlation with distinct morphological characters will only emerge from broader evolutionary studies of the genus.
Even though morphological characters comprised only 8to10%0 % of the total amount of data, depending on the analysis, the incorporation of morphological data had, in places, significant effects on the results.
Related(18)
morphological characters alone
molecular characters only
morphological traits only
morphological markers only
morphological parameters only
morphological changes only
morphological methods only
morphological residuals only
morphological features only
morphological affinities only
morphological data only
morphological alterations only
morphological attributes only
morphological matrices only
morphological requirements only
morphological criteria only
morphological measurements only
morphological characters was
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