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The results reveal that severe hypoxia imposes markedly different patterns of gene regulation of MSCs compared with more moderate hypoxia.
However, cell migration and invasion is often studied under conditions of more moderate hypoxia, around 1% oxygen [ 33- 38], conditions which maximally induce HIF-1α expression [ 23].
The results reveal for the first time unique sets of (severe) hypoxia-activated and repressed genes, many of which differ from those reported previously for more moderate hypoxia.
The gene expression profiles are distinct in many respects from those described previously for MSCs subjected to more moderate hypoxia that mediates enhanced proliferation [ 9, 10, 17- 19].
Severe hypoxia is mainly found in perinecrotic areas within solid tumors and probably has less influence on prognosis and treatment sensitivity than areas with more moderate hypoxia.
The gene expression changes are largely distinct from those reported previously for more moderate hypoxia that support enhanced proliferation, and the results are consistent with a quiescent, immobile phenotype with reduced metabolic activity and lower oxidative stress.
Similar(54)
PI3K is already described to up-regulate TRIB3 expression [ 13] and could be responsible for the up-regulation of TRIB3 at the more physiological moderate hypoxia, rather than at severe hypoxia (i.e. anoxia).
Our results instead suggest that the stimulating effect of rhEpo on maximal oxygen transport was even more pronounced during moderate hypoxia, as the gain in V̇O2max reached 14.0% at 2500 m (P = 0.09 vs normoxia) and 17.5% at 3500 m (P<0.05 vs normoxia) (Fig. 3B).
Our results demonstrate that the potential for rhEpo to improve maximal oxygen transport, evidenced both in normoxia and during moderate hypoxia up to 3500 m, evanished during a more severe hypoxic challenge equivalent to 4500 m.
In infants moderate hypoxia evokes a compensatory augmented breath – sigh and more severe hypoxia results in a solitary gasp.
Possibly, without serum and under severe hypoxic conditions (0.1% O2) cells are not migrating as fast as under moderate hypoxia (1% O2) because cell survival is more essential.
Related(16)
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