Sentence examples for more malignant state from inspiring English sources

Interestingly, the global subcellular distribution pattern of proteins phosphorylated on serine or tyrosine residues changed as MOSE cells progressed to a more malignant state, suggesting that signaling pathways were also becoming progressively altered.

Once recruited, tumor-educated macrophages take on non-immunological functions, in particular the production of factors that promote progression of tumors to a more malignant state through paracrine cues, including angiogenic factors (VEGF, TNF-α, ANG1), proteases (MMPs), growth factors (FGF, PDGF, TGF-β), and motility factors (EGF, HGF) [3].

In many types of cancers, including glioma, prostate cancer and breast cancer, Akt is required to maintain a proliferative state and for progression into a more malignant state in conjunction with genetic mutations.

In an extreme example of this negative feedback, tumors with constitutive activation of mTOR, such as those with mutations in the TSC-1 or TSC-2 genes, are benign and rarely progress to a more malignant state because both IRS-1 and IRS-2 are degraded and cannot sufficiently activate survival signals [ 143, 144, 146].

In the cancer microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a central role in mediating EMT of carcinoma cells (Kalluri and Zeisberg, 2006; Karagiannis et al, 2012), thereby facilitating the progression of carcinoma cells towards a dedifferentiated and more malignant state in a direct or indirect manner through extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling.

EMT is involved in both embryonic development and progression of carcinoma toward dedifferentiated and more malignant states [ 1].

The EMT concept provides a new basis for understanding the progression of carcinoma towards dedifferentiated and more malignant states.

Our study suggests that benign tumors adopt hypomethylation as a mechanism for gene activation rather than gene silencing to cross thresholds into more malignant states.

Despite the identification of ANXA1 as one of the several proteins that is differentially expressed during the progression of tumours to more malignant states, a functional role for ANXA1 in PC advancing is lacking.

This had no effect on the incidence or growth of the primary tumor, but it reduced the rate of tumor progression to the more malignant states and almost completely suppressed metastasis to the lung [ 59].

As a consequence, loss of the β-catenin-mediated differentiating effect promotes a dedifferentiated state of cells, which in terms of cancer represents a more malignant status than a well-differentiated one.