This ability to metastasize correlates with the presence in a growing tumor of cells with a more malignant phenotype, which express certain cancer stem cell markers.
Recent laboratory and clinical data have shown that hypoxia is also associated with a more malignant phenotype, affecting genomic stability, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
The hypoxic status of various solid tumors has been related to a poor prognosis due to tumor progression towards a more malignant phenotype, with increased metastatic potential, and an increased resistance to treatment.
This observation may seem paradoxical at first since tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells have been associated with a more malignant phenotype.
Loss of CDKN2D in cancer cells is one event which is generally associated to a more malignant phenotype.
This finding seems to implicate the subcellular localization of AQP3 as a possible indicator of a transition to a more malignant phenotype.
The production of VEGF is normally as a result of hypoxia in rapidly developing tumours and its presence predisposes to a more malignant phenotype [18].
It is then evident for us that a unifying mathematical formalism is necessary to uncover the cell transcriptome's progression from a normal to a more malignant phenotype.
We then further asked whether the decrease of miR-20b contributed to a more malignant phenotype of cancer cells, such as the enhanced resistance to apoptosis, the feature of HIF-1α in tumor.
Joint loss of expression of Claudin 1 and members of the Aquaporin family are also linked to a transition to a more malignant phenotype We note however, the Gene Ontology annotation is not the only way that we can make sense of this information.
Abnormal expression of miR-101 may lead to a more malignant phenotype and promote cancer progression.
