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Activity of the hypothalamus – the major brain area controlling peripheral metabolism – is specifically modulated by insulin.
The demonstration that in adipocytes adiponectin and leptin are secreted through distinct trafficking pathways [41], which appear modulated by insulin in different ways [38], may partly explain these findings, substantiating the hypothesis that derangements of glucose homeostasis develop at an early preclinical stage as a result of adipocyte dysfunction/enlargement [5], [6].
In addition, the expression of MIF in adipocytes can be modulated by insulin and glucose [ 50].
Parenteral nutrition reduces endogenous glucose production and promotes hyperglycemia in critical illness, effects which may be modulated by insulin administration [ 38].
Most epidemiological studies have suggested that cancer in diabetic women can be modulated by insulin sensitizers such as metformin and TZDs.
Since insulin also positively regulates mTORC1 signalling via the Akt TSC2 Rheb axis, we assessed whether phosphorylation of Ser and Ser was modulated by insulin and, if so, whether this was also sensitive to SB415286.
Similar(52)
Insulin release during normoglycemia can be modulated by exogenous insulin infusion and directly depends on whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Third, that the sympathoinhibition attained following HCD was modulated by baseline insulin status and did not correlate directly with changes in insulin clearance.
To determine whether these early-phase defects in glucose response with abdominal obesity were modulated by hepatic insulin resistance, we tested the association between the change in glucose concentrations between 0 and 30 min (Δ glucose30-glucose0) of the OGTT and suppression of hepatic glucose production under low-dose (10 mU) insulin stimulation.
The biological activity of IGFs is modulated by six insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) (Pollak, 2008).
Recently, it has been shown that expression of the NDRG2 protein is modulated by the insulin-stimulated Akt-dependent phosphorylation [ 36].
Related(19)
modified by insulin
altered by insulin
regulated by insulin
targeted by insulin
modulated by phonology
modulated by change
modulated by emotion
modulated by respiration
modulated by performance
modulated by dopamine
modulated by degree
modulated by cell
modulated by doping
modulated by color
modulated by task
modulated by block
modulated by hypothermia
modulated by morph
modulated by protein
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