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Intracellular recordings from CA3 pyramidal cells suggest that adenosine receptors reduce the spiking rate and the synchrony of action potentials during gamma oscillations whereas P2 receptors only modulate the firing rate of the cells.
Since flumazenil and zolpidem inhibit the tonic current induced by insulin these drugs can be expected to modulate the firing frequency of the CA1 neurons.
Thus, in addition to the shift in IPD, the presence of concurrent sounds could modulate the firing rate of ICx neurons by changing interaural correlation.
This raises the interesting possibility that both time and reward value modulate the firing of serotonergic neurons, increasing the flexibility of the serotonergic signal.
This dual control system has been further shown by our recent electrophysiological investigations that have demonstrated that while BLA neurons cannot directly drive the activity of DLS medium spiny neurons, they can incrementally and decrementally modulate the firing of medium spiny neurons driven by activation of their afferents from the motor cortex.
Activation of mGluR1 can modulate the firing properties of the TC neurons (Sherman & Guillery, 1998), and is critically involved in the expression of physiologically relevant thalamocortical network oscillations during different behavioural states (Crunelli et al., 2002, 2006; Hughes et al., 2004).
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The results show that rTMS@1Hz modulates the firing mode of Y cells, inducing an increase in burst spikes and a decrease in tonic firing.
Here however, a second additional role is suggested for these states in terms of modulating the firing rate activity, resulting in decaying and ramping firing patterns.
GABA-mediated tonic inhibitory conductances have been shown to decrease excitability of neurons by modulating the firing frequency of action potentials [15].
Thus, local infusion of a D1 antagonist into monkey frontal cortex not only modulated the firing of neurons in visual cortex but also altered the animal's ability to select visual targets (Noudoost and Moore, 2011).
For the long-time scale component, if the conjunctive PF-CF happens regularly with a specific ISI, the PC-IN population learns to modulate the PCs' firing profiles at the time of the expected CF signal, due to the increased long-time scale activities of the PC-IN pairs.
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