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Future studies will have to be performed to validate the clinical utility of LINE-1 methylation in rectal cancer.
Our results shed some light on the role of genome-wide methylation in rectal ACF and argue against its utility as a biomarkers for assessing CC risk.
There have been similar efforts in the study of DNA methylation in rectal cancers, and this review aims to summarise the current state of the art in this group of patients.
In the cross-sectional study described here we have quantified the CGI methylation status of 11 genes, together with LINE-1 as an index of global DNA methylation, in rectal biopsies from 185 patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy, who were shown to be free of gastrointestinal inflammatory or neoplastic disease.
The aims of this study were to analyze the levels of LINE-1 methylation in rectal ACF compared with paired normal colorectal mucosa, and to investigate the putative field defect of LINE-1 hypomethylation by analyzing the normal mucosa of patients from three different CRC risk groups.
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To test the role of rectal ACF as a potential precursor lesion, we analyzed the LINE-1 methylation levels in rectal ACF and paired normal rectal and descending colon mucosa from all patients.
In this investigation, we quantified relationships between DNA methylation in the rectal mucosa of healthy subjects and biological factors implicated in epidemiologic studies as CRC risk factors.
As expected, the methylation level of LINE-1, a marker of global methylation, was lower in rectal cancer (Fig. 2).
These findings, however, were not corroborated by Kohonen-Corish et al. [ 51] who, amongst other molecular features, examined CIMP status and CDKN2A gene methylation in nearly 400 rectal cancers.
In conclusion, levels of age-related CGI methylation in the healthy human rectal mucosa are influenced by gender, the availability of folate, vitamin D and selenium, and perhaps by factors related to systemic inflammation.
As both H3K27me3 and H3K9Ac expressions only correlate with LINE-1 methylation and not with Alu methylation, we again conclude that LINE-1 methylation may be involved in specific tumour progression events in rectal cancer, rather than reflecting genome-wide methylation status in these tumours.
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