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Exact(4)
In the multiple linear regression analysis, there were significant associations for a medium intake of ß-cryptoxanthin (beta: -0.35 mmHg; p = 0.049) and a medium intake of vitamin B12 (beta: -0.35 mmHg; p = 0.039) with IOP.
Linear trend of annualised BP change across dairy consumption groups was tested using the medium intake in each group.
However, the association between flavan-3-ol intake and both IHD risk and total CVD risk was more complex and followed a J-shaped curve: low and medium intake (Q2 and Q3) were both associated with a reduced risk.
For each exposure pathway (i.e., air, food, water), the intake rate is the product of the environmental medium intake, or contact rate (e.g., inhalation rate, Gi; grams per day), and the chemical concentration in the corresponding medium (e.g., concentration in air, Ci; nanograms per gram).
Similar(56)
Among cases, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) relative to those with lowest fat score was IRR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.50 1.03) for medium fat intake, and IRR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.56 1.20) for highest fat intake (linear trend p = 0.30).
Another potentially adequate biomarker that was often used to validate medium-term intake of fatty acids is erythrocyte membrane concentration [ 43, 44].
The adipose tissue and erythrocyte which reflect long-term or medium-term intake may not be suitable in studies such as clinical trials and community intervention studies that reports short-term changes.
Among carriers of the fast acetylator phenotype, low and medium meat intakes were not associated with risk of CRC (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.68 1.20 and OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.69 1.45 respectively), whereas high meat intake was associated with higher risk of CRC (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.92 2.01, P-interaction 0.07).
Serum levels of five PBDE congeners were associated with consumption of poultry fat: Low, medium, and high intake corresponded to geometric mean ∑PBDE concentrations of 40.6, 41.9, and 48.3 ng/g lipid, respectively (p = 0.0005).
Ten healthy male and four healthy female subjects received 45 tablets of either P. freudenreichii ET-3 culture medium (total daily intake of 3 g solid content and 283.5 μg of DHNA; active group) or placebo (unfermented product) during two 1-week supplementation periods separated by a 4-week washout period.
Risks were more pronounced in medium and high intake groups in female than in male regular smokers.
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