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Current primary treatments using physical and chemical processes removed little of the compounds (mean removal efficiency: 19%).
During two-stage operation, a highly efficient Fe2+ removal with a mean removal efficiency of 99% was already observed in the effluent of the first treatment step (RF; HLR = 960 L m−2 d−1) and protected the second filter (PF; HLR = 480 L m−2 d−1) from potential clogging due to iron hydroxide precipitates.
Ozonation treatment with O3 (5 mg/L) led to a satisfactory mean removal efficiency of 88% of the compounds.
The CWs had mean removal efficiency of 87.7 97.9% for NH4+-N and 85.4 96.1% for total N (TN).
Further results obtained for STPs operating different biological processes (e.g. secondary treatment with activated sludge) revealed moderate potential (mean removal efficiency ≤ 30%) to degrade antidepressants from wastewater [20].
In Fig. 6, the mean changes of input and output of TN (Fig. 6a) and TP (Fig. 6b) in IFAS reactor are shown regarding different OLRs, while Fig. 6c shows the mean removal efficiency.
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Effluent ozonation led to higher mean removal efficiencies than current primary treatment, and therefore has represented a promising strategy for the elimination of antidepressants in urban wastewaters.
Effluent ozonation led to higher mean removal efficiencies than current primary treatment, and therefore represented a promising strategy for the elimination of antidepressants in urban wastewaters.
The VFCW units were quite efficient in organic matter (BOD5 and COD) and nitrogen (TKN and NH4+-N) removal, with mean removal efficiencies exceeding 78%and58%8%, respectively.
In a long-term operation, Molle et al. (2005) recorded on this first stage mean removal efficiencies of up to 80% for COD, 85% for TSS, and 60% for TKN.
Results show a satisfactory performance with the following mean removal efficiencies: 96.4% for BOD, 94.4% for COD, 90.8% for TKN, 92.8% for ammonia, 61.6% for OP and 69.8% for TP.
Related(17)
mean extraction efficiency
average removal efficiency
mean energy efficiency
mean encapsulation efficiency
mean scale efficiency
mean labeling efficiency
mean salvage efficiency
mean removal technique
mean removal rate
mean network efficiency
mean production efficiency
mean emission efficiency
mean removal operation
mean removal time
mean pump efficiency
mean sleep efficiency
mean collector efficiency
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