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The objective of this work are (1) to optimize the operating conditions of chemical pretreatments (organosolv, soda), (2) to present a comprehensive and comparative assessment for delignification of rapeseed straw to make the cellulose more accessible to hydrolysis and (3) to characterize for the first time the rapeseed straw lignin.
The decrease in particle size may make the cellulose more hydrolysable due to an increased specific surface area.
The purpose of pretreatment is to make the cellulose within the biomass more readily available for hydrolysis.
Although the AFEX C1 condition could remove some cuticle layers, it was not adequate to make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes.
Before beginning SSF, the raw material needs to be pretreated to break down the hemicellulose and make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes used in the hydrolysis.
This observation indicates that agitation potentially causes damage to the fibers in spruce which could make the cellulose more accessible or easier to hydrolyze.
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To efficiently utilize lignocellulosic products, pretreatment is required to hydrolyse the hemicelluloses to make the celluloses more accessible to the enzymes.
Granules of calcium carbonate as porogenic agents made the cellulose microgels with different porosity, and the SBET of modified cellulose microgels was increased to 197 m2/g.
The detrimental effect of fungal treatment on the water uptake of the composites could be explained by the degradation of lignin which made the cellulose content more accessible.
Utilization of cellulosic biomass is more complex than using pure cellulose, because lignocellulose is a complex structure, in which cellulose and hemicellulose are encapsulated in lignin by hydrogen and covalent bonds, which makes the cellulose inaccessible for reaction with hydrolysis agents (Zinoviev et al. 2010).
In this study we used wheat straw that was pretreated by an alkaline organosolve process (Fackler et al. [2012]) to remove the lignin up to a residual concentration of about 1% (w/w), which makes the cellulose and hemicellulose more easily accessible for the fungus.
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