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One of the challenges for the use of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production is to develop cheap and efficient pretreatment methods that disrupt the lignocellulosic complex making the cellulose more amorphous as well as removing or degrading lignin [ 4].
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Granules of calcium carbonate as porogenic agents made the cellulose microgels with different porosity, and the SBET of modified cellulose microgels was increased to 197 m2/g.
The detrimental effect of fungal treatment on the water uptake of the composites could be explained by the degradation of lignin which made the cellulose content more accessible.
The objective of this work are (1) to optimize the operating conditions of chemical pretreatments (organosolv, soda), (2) to present a comprehensive and comparative assessment for delignification of rapeseed straw to make the cellulose more accessible to hydrolysis and (3) to characterize for the first time the rapeseed straw lignin.
Utilization of cellulosic biomass is more complex than using pure cellulose, because lignocellulose is a complex structure, in which cellulose and hemicellulose are encapsulated in lignin by hydrogen and covalent bonds, which makes the cellulose inaccessible for reaction with hydrolysis agents (Zinoviev et al. 2010).
In this study we used wheat straw that was pretreated by an alkaline organosolve process (Fackler et al. [2012]) to remove the lignin up to a residual concentration of about 1% (w/w), which makes the cellulose and hemicellulose more easily accessible for the fungus.
The shape of the beans that were used to make the patterns resemble the shapes of the microbes that made the cellulose and are, in Lee's words, like "ghosts of the nanofibril factories that spun the cloth".
The purpose of pretreatment is to make the cellulose within the biomass more readily available for hydrolysis.
This in conjunction with the disruption of the lignin structure makes the cellulose more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis [ 11].
The decrease in particle size may make the cellulose more hydrolysable due to an increased specific surface area.
The action of AA9 and AA10 enzymes makes the cellulose more susceptible to attack by other CAZymes.
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