Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
except where indicated otherwise
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "except where indicated otherwise" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to clarify that a statement or rule applies generally, but there may be exceptions noted elsewhere in the text. Example: "All employees must clock in by 9 AM, except where indicated otherwise in the employee handbook."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Academia
Formal & Business
Alternative expressions(15)
unless otherwise specified
unless otherwise stated
save where noted
except as otherwise provided
except as specified
unless stated differently
except where stated otherwise
unless explicitly indicated otherwise
unless explicitly noted otherwise
unless explicitly stated otherwise
save when otherwise noted
unless specified differently
unless explicitly told otherwise
if not otherwise noted
unless explicitly mentioned otherwise
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
39 human-written examples
Except where indicated otherwise, the following description is based on Hilty et al. (1979).
Academia
All tissue culture reagents were purchased from Life Technologies Inc. except where indicated otherwise.
Science
Except where indicated otherwise all PCR reactions in this study were carried out in a total volume of 25 µl containing 19.7 µl of MilliQ water, 2.5 µl of 10× buffer, 0.5 µl of dNTP (200 µM each of dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP), 0.5 µl of each primer (10 ��M), 1 µl of DNA template (100 ng/µl), and 0.3 µl of DNA polymerase (Pro Taq plus; Protech Technology Enterprise, Taipei, Taiwan).
Science
All images depict single sections, except where indicated otherwise.
Science
Except where indicated otherwise, constructs used herein were cloned into pBINPLUS under the 35S promoter.
Science
For specific treatments, all chemicals were from Sigma except where indicated otherwise.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
21 human-written examples
To illustrate the comparison of the employed imaging methods, Figure 2 displays the carpal arthritis of a 50-year-old subject with RA. *Except where indicated otherwise, values are the mean ± SD.
At the time of sampling, all patients had highly active disease (mean (SEM) DAS28 5.2 (0.2)) with high inflammatory serum markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 39.8 (7.3) mm/h, C-reactive protein (CRP) 2.4 (1.3) mg/dL), irrespective of background treatment (Table 1).> -wrap-foot> *Except where indicated otherwise, values are the mean (standard error of the mean).
*Except where indicated otherwise, values reflect the number of patients.
*Except where indicated otherwise, values are the number of patients.
*Except where indicated otherwise, values are expressed as median (25th to 75th percentile).
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "except where indicated otherwise" to ensure clarity when a general rule has specific exceptions that are detailed elsewhere.
Common error
Avoid using "except where indicated otherwise" for simple, obvious exceptions. Overusing it can make your writing sound unnecessarily formal or convoluted. Consider if a simpler phrasing would suffice.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "except where indicated otherwise" functions as a qualifier. It modifies a statement by introducing a condition under which the statement may not be true. This is confirmed by Ludwig, where the phrase is used to clarify exceptions to general rules.
Frequent in
Science
75%
Academia
15%
Formal & Business
5%
Less common in
News & Media
3%
Encyclopedias
1%
Wiki
1%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "except where indicated otherwise" serves as a qualifier, adding precision by signaling that a general statement has specific exceptions. Ludwig confirms that this phrase is grammatically correct and frequently used in formal writing, particularly in scientific and academic contexts. While versatile, it's best suited for scenarios where exceptions are detailed elsewhere, avoiding overuse in simpler situations. Alternatives such as "unless otherwise specified" or "save where noted" offer similar meanings, depending on the specific context.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
unless otherwise specified
Emphasizes a lack of specific alternative instructions.
unless otherwise stated
Highlights an absence of alternative declarations.
save where noted
Focuses on explicit exceptions being documented.
except as otherwise provided
Highlights the existence of different rules or directions.
except as specified
Focuses on a requirement for an explicit different instruction.
unless a different meaning is required by the context
Highlights that meaning changes according to the context.
barring any indication to the contrary
Uses more formal language and indicates an opposing signal.
absent a contrary indication
A more concise way of expressing the same idea.
unless there are other instructions
Stresses an absence of explicit alternative rules or commands.
but if something else is specified
Highlights if the rule changes due to external documentation.
FAQs
How can I use "except where indicated otherwise" in a sentence?
This phrase is used to introduce an exception to a general rule. For instance, "All data is presented as mean ± standard deviation, "except where indicated otherwise"."
What phrases are similar to "except where indicated otherwise"?
Similar phrases include "unless otherwise specified", "unless otherwise stated", or "save where noted". The best choice depends on the specific context and desired level of formality.
Is it okay to use "except where indicated otherwise" in informal writing?
While grammatically correct, "except where indicated otherwise" is more suited to formal and technical writing. In informal contexts, simpler alternatives like "unless noted" might be more appropriate.
What's the difference between "except where indicated otherwise" and "unless otherwise specified"?
The phrases are largely interchangeable. "Except where indicated otherwise" implies that the exceptions are detailed somewhere, while "unless otherwise specified" simply indicates that there might be exceptions without necessarily pointing to where they are defined.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested