which indicated

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which indicated" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when you are introducing a piece of information that has previously been suggested or mentioned in some way. For example: "The data collected from the survey which indicated a high level of customer satisfaction."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Academia

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

"And he had bruises which indicated he was assaulted".

The New York Times

SEM micrographs were more fragmented which indicated maturity and stability.

Bioresource Technology

He said they showed a pattern which indicated the couriers were wrongly classed as self-employed.

The Guardian

After being shown news reports which indicated this was untrue, a spokesperson declined to comment.

The Guardian

It focussed on the most urgent or worrying or puzzling facts: those which indicated something unexpected.

The New Yorker

Mentions his tattoos, one of which indicated that he'd been a soldier in the Rhodesian War.

The New Yorker

Handschuch, you'll remember, Witness, was the subject of the autopsy which indicated outside responsibility.

Yale University

The municipal "hazard map", which indicated areas of coast vulnerable to tsunami, did not include Kamaya.

The Guardian

The results from the MDMQ, which indicated higher sleepiness from red light, supports this notion.

Nature

One factor was the good weather, which indicated another bumper crop for the beans.

The New York Times

This is supported by recent work which indicated that mosquitoes with fewer sporozoites are less infectious22.

Nature

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which indicated" to introduce a finding or observation that provides evidence or suggests a conclusion based on previously mentioned information. Ensure the clause introduced by "which" clearly relates to the preceding noun or noun phrase for clarity.

Common error

Avoid using "that indicated" when "which indicated" is grammatically correct. "Which" introduces nonrestrictive clauses, providing additional but nonessential information, while "that" introduces restrictive clauses that are essential to the sentence's meaning. If the information introduced by the clause can be removed without changing the sentence's core meaning, use "which indicated".

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which indicated" functions as a relative clause introducing additional information about a previously mentioned noun or noun phrase. It connects a subordinate clause to a main clause, providing explanatory details as shown in Ludwig's examples.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

34%

Science

33%

Academia

26%

Less common in

Wiki

4%

Formal & Business

3%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "which indicated" is a grammatically correct and frequently used relative clause that adds extra context or explanation to a preceding noun or noun phrase. As Ludwig AI confirms, its primary function is to provide supplementary information, often highlighting the implications or results of a situation. It's most commonly found in news, scientific, and academic writing. When using "which indicated", ensure that the information provided is nonessential and that the clause is properly set off with commas. Alternatives like "that suggested" or "that demonstrated" can offer subtle variations in emphasis, but understanding the nuances of "which" versus "that" is crucial for precise writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

which pointed to

Indicates a direction or focus of attention.

that suggested

Emphasizes suggestion or hint rather than direct indication.

which confirmed

Highlights the validation or verification of a fact or hypothesis.

that demonstrated

Highlights a clear exhibition or proof of something.

that revealed

Emphasizes the act of uncovering or disclosing something previously unknown.

that evidenced

Focuses on the presentation of evidence for a claim.

that implied

Focuses on indirect communication or deduction.

which reflected

Indicates a mirroring or representation of something else.

that bore out

Suggests that further events or information corroborated the initial indication.

that signified

Implies a symbolic or representative meaning.

FAQs

How can I use "which indicated" in a sentence?

Use "which indicated" to add extra information to a noun. For example: "The results from the MDMQ, "which indicated" higher sleepiness from red light, supports this notion."

What are some alternatives to "which indicated"?

You can use alternatives like "that suggested", "that demonstrated", or "which pointed to" depending on the context.

Is it always correct to use "which indicated"?

Yes, it is grammatically correct, but be mindful of the context. "Which indicated" introduces a nonrestrictive clause, so the information should be additional and not essential to the sentence's core meaning. If the information is essential, consider using "that" instead.

What's the difference between "which indicated" and "that indicated"?

"Which indicated" introduces a nonrestrictive clause, providing extra information that isn't essential to the sentence's meaning. "That indicated" introduces a restrictive clause, which is essential. For example, "The report, "which indicated" a decline in sales, was alarming" (extra information) vs. "The report "that indicated" a decline in sales was alarming" (identifies which specific report is being discussed).