which include

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which include" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to introduce examples or specific items that are part of a larger group or category. Example: "The conference will cover various topics, which include technology, health, and education."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

Her books, which include "It's So Amazing!

The New Yorker

How then to decipher his obsessions, which include plastic bottles?

The New York Times

Concert tickets, which include admission to the aquarium, are $6.

The New York Times - Travel

You talk about developmental relationships, which include sponsors and mentors.

The New York Times

His credits, which include circus choreography, are substantial.

The New York Times - Arts

He scours ESPN, Google and scouting reports, which include pictures.

The New York Times - Sports

Tells about his personal habits, which include food and sex.

The New Yorker

Monday tickets, which include an Audio Guide, will cost $50.

The New York Times - Arts

The views – which include Brading Down – are beautiful.

The Guardian - Travel

The marketing tactics, which include references to post-Sept.

The New York Times

Tickets, which include museum admission, $20, $15 for children.

The New York Times - Arts

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which include" to provide examples or specify items within a larger group, ensuring clarity and detail for the reader.

Common error

Avoid using "which include" excessively in a single piece of writing; vary your language with alternatives like "such as" or "for example" to maintain reader engagement.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which include" functions as a nonrestrictive relative clause, providing additional, non-essential information about a preceding noun or noun phrase. Ludwig examples demonstrate its use in adding detail or specifying components. As Ludwig AI confirms, the phrase is grammatically correct.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

42%

Science

40%

Formal & Business

8%

Less common in

Wiki

6%

Academia

2%

Reference

2%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "which include" functions as a nonrestrictive relative clause used to introduce examples or specific items within a broader category. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and common usage across diverse contexts, including news, science, and formal writing. While highly versatile, it's important to avoid overuse and consider alternatives like "such as" or "for example" for stylistic variation. As shown by Ludwig, this phrase is most frequently encountered in news and scientific contexts.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

such as

Introduces examples of the mentioned category, in a less formal way.

that consist of

Emphasizes the composition of something, detailing its constituent parts.

containing

A more concise way to indicate the presence of certain elements within something.

that comprise

Highlights the components that make up a whole, emphasizing constitution.

that encompass

Focuses on the scope or range that something covers, rather than explicitly listing items.

incorporating

Highlights the action of including or integrating elements into a larger entity.

embracing

Suggests a more encompassing or holistic inclusion of elements.

that subsume

Indicates that certain elements fall under a more general category, implying containment.

that specify

Highlights the act of precisely identifying particular elements.

that detail

Shifts the focus to providing specific information or elements.

FAQs

How can I use "which include" in a sentence?

Use "which include" to introduce examples or specific items that are part of a larger category. For instance, "The course covers several topics, "which include" history, math, and science."

What are some alternatives to "which include"?

You can use alternatives like "such as", "for example", or "that comprise" depending on the context.

Is it correct to use "that include" instead of "which include"?

While both can be used, "which include" is generally preferred in nonrestrictive clauses (clauses that add extra information but are not essential to the sentence's meaning). "That include" is used in restrictive clauses, which are essential to the sentence's meaning.

What's the difference between "which include" and "which includes"?

"Which include" is used when referring to a plural noun, while "which includes" is used when referring to a singular noun. For example, "The features, "which include" X and Y, are important" versus "The feature, "which includes" X, is important."