which has made

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "which has made" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to a past event or action that has had a specific result or outcome. For example, "The new policy, which has made travel more expensive for students, has been strongly opposed by some members of the university community."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Encyclopedias

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

It's always self-evident in the under painting, which has made the transition more forgiving.

The New York Times

And it should concern America, which has made Malaysia a key ally.

The Economist

None of which has made much difference, and Cowling's analysis explains why.

Independent

All of which has made this old-style court something of a pioneer.

The New York Times

But his time consciousness, which has made this immense achievement possible, is an ambivalent endowment.

Encyclopedia Britannica

The episode could damage the credibility of the Independence Party, which has made impressive electoral gains.

The New York Times

The first assumption is questionable because of recent gerrymandering, which has made many districts more homogeneous.

The New York Times

Some imagine a bid by Barclays, which has made no comment.

The Economist

Jamie has been brilliant Kate's daughter Lila, which has made her broody for another child.

Independent

But they can also serve to shield one's identity, which has made them popular among celebrities.

The New York Times

And then there's the political class, which has made an art form of pension collection.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "which has made" to clearly connect a cause and its effect, ensuring the relationship between the preceding clause and the result is evident.

Common error

Avoid using "that has made" when a nonrestrictive clause is intended. "Which", preceded by a comma, introduces nonessential information, while "that" introduces essential information without a comma.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "which has made" functions as a relative clause, adding extra information to a noun phrase in the main clause. It connects a cause to its effect, as evidenced by numerous examples in Ludwig.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

74%

Encyclopedias

8%

Formal & Business

3%

Less common in

Science

15%

Wiki

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "which has made" is a grammatically sound and frequently used relative clause that serves to add descriptive information regarding a consequence or result. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and usability. It's prevalent in neutral to formal contexts such as news and encyclopedias, indicating broad applicability. When using this phrase, ensure it introduces a nonrestrictive clause and is preceded by a comma. Alternatives like "that has resulted in" or "leading to" can provide variety, but be mindful of the specific nuance you wish to convey. By following these guidelines, writers can effectively use "which has made" to create clear and informative sentences.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

that has resulted in

Replaces the relative pronoun "which" with "that" and uses "resulted in" instead of "made", emphasizing the consequence.

leading to

Simplifies the structure, focusing on the action's consequence with a present participle phrase.

that caused

Uses a more direct causal verb, "caused", instead of the more general "made".

resulting from

Shifts the focus to the origin of something rather than the act of making.

that gave rise to

Emphasizes the creation or emergence of something new as a result.

that contributed to

Highlights the contributory nature of the action.

as a consequence of

Introduces the outcome as a direct consequence of a preceding action or event.

by virtue of which

Offers a more formal and somewhat archaic alternative, indicating causation through a specific quality or attribute.

that enacted

Focuses on the action enacting or establishing something.

that generated

Stresses the creation or production aspect.

FAQs

How to use "which has made" in a sentence?

Use "which has made" to add extra information about something mentioned earlier in the sentence. For example: "The company adopted a new strategy, "which has made" it more competitive".

What can I say instead of "which has made"?

You can use alternatives like "that has resulted in", "leading to", or "that caused" depending on the context.

Is it correct to say "that has made" instead of "which has made"?

While both can be correct, "which" is used for nonrestrictive clauses (adding extra information), while "that" is used for restrictive clauses (essential information). Ensure you use commas with "which" to indicate the nonessential nature of the clause. For example: "The policy that has made..." vs. "The policy, "which has made"...".

What's the difference between "which has made" and "that has made"?

"Which" introduces a non-defining clause providing additional, non-essential information. "That" introduces a defining clause essential to the sentence's meaning. For example, "The decision, "which has made" him happy, was unexpected" versus "The decision that has made him happy was the right one."