until and including

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "until and including" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it to indicate that something is continuing until an endpoint. For example: "The exhibit will be open from June 6th until and including June 12th."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Academia

Formal & Business

Wiki

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

32 human-written examples

The agreement was observed by the garnishee until and including the 31st of October, and during that time the shipments were carried on through bills of lading.

Cornell University

They correspond generally to the memoranda sheets prepared for his conferences on February 16 and on successive dates thereafter until and including May 24.

Stanford University

As ever, our champion will be the tipster who returns the best profit to notional level stakes of £1 at starting price on our nominated races, of which there will be four each day up until and including Friday.

The Guardian - Sport

He will be suspended from all cricket until and including Friday 27 September for a level-two breach of county cricket's disciplinary code – "using language or gesture that is obscene or of a serious insulting nature to another player, umpire, referee, team official or spectator".

The Guardian - Sport

The GSOEP was first administered in 1984; we use data until (and including) 2010.

IZA Journal of Migration

This study used data for the years 2005 until, and including, 2012.

Injury Epidemiology

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

28 human-written examples

(Dunning) MARK JARECKE PROJECT (Thursday) Mr. Jarecke's "Everything Up Until Now and Including" is an evening-long and physically demanding solo performed by, and created in collaboration with, Andrea Johnston.

The New York Times

But until now, and including this study, H. pylori with genetic features of hpEurope have only been reported from India [ 29, 30].

BMC Genomics

This association has remained essentially unchanged from 2006 until the present date and including 23 additional studies.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Few Americans, however, and including myself until recently, know the real history of the holiday.

Huffington Post

The free Spirit of the Games exhibition is at the Museum of Science and Industry until November 24 and includes costumes and video footage.

The Guardian

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "until and including" to clearly specify that the ending date or item in a series is part of what you're referencing. This prevents ambiguity, especially in legal or contractual contexts.

Common error

Avoid using just "until" when you mean to include the final date or item. Saying "until Friday" might be interpreted as ending before Friday, so add "and including" for clarity.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "until and including" functions as a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb or noun, indicating the duration or extent of an action or state. It specifies the endpoint and explicitly includes it within the defined period or range. The phrase is often used to avoid ambiguity, as shown by Ludwig.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

32%

News & Media

29%

Academia

15%

Less common in

Formal & Business

12%

Wiki

9%

Reference

3%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "until and including" is a grammatically sound and frequently used prepositional phrase that clearly defines the duration of an event or the extent of a condition, emphasizing that the stated end date or item is included. As confirmed by Ludwig, it is considered correct and suitable for various contexts, from academic and scientific writing to news reports and general communication. To avoid ambiguity, especially in formal settings, it is advisable to employ the phrase to ensure clarity. While alternatives like "up to and including" exist, "until and including" is a straightforward and reliable choice for precise communication.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

up to and including

Slightly more verbose but provides similar emphasis on inclusion.

through and including

Emphasizes the duration and ensures the final date is included.

from...to...inclusive

A more formal way to explicitly state that both start and end points are included.

lasting until

Focuses on the duration, implies inclusion unless otherwise specified.

extending to

Indicates the range reaches and encompasses a particular point.

spanning to

Highlights the range and its upper boundary, with an implicit inclusion.

through the end of

Similar to 'until the end of', highlighting completion.

ending with

Emphasizes the terminal point of a process or duration.

until the end of

Suggests the complete duration up to a defined endpoint.

concluding with

Focuses on the final element or moment included in a sequence.

FAQs

How do I use "until and including" in a sentence?

Use "until and including" to specify the final endpoint in a range or duration. For example, "The offer is valid "until and including" December 31st."

What's the difference between "until" and "until and including"?

"Until" can sometimes be ambiguous, implying the end point is not included. "Until and including" makes it clear that the stated end point is part of the period or range you're referring to.

Are there alternatives to using the phrase "until and including"?

Yes, you can use phrases like "up to and including" or "through and including" for similar clarity and emphasis.

Is "until and including" formal or informal?

It's suitable for both formal and informal contexts, providing clarity in any situation where you need to emphasize the inclusion of a final date or item.