Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
under reading
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "under reading" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts where you are discussing the act of reading something insufficiently or not fully comprehending the material. Example: "His under reading of the text led to several misunderstandings in the discussion."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Wiki
Alternative expressions(3)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
5 human-written examples
Healthy subjects performed less well on dual-tasking under reading conditions than when they were asked to distinguish colors, whereas dysexecutive subjects had worse motor performances when they were required to dual task.
They measured only the areas within each patient's pupil size (measured under reading conditions) and found a correlation with visual function.
Science
It's nice to read that Education Secretary Margaret Spellings has cleaned up the corruption and cronyism in the awarding of grants under Reading First.
News & Media
More abbey remains are known to lie under Reading prison, including under its car park, and under the burial ground for the executed men described by its most famous prisoner, Oscar Wilde.
News & Media
This line would work better as a subsection under "Reading the book".
Wiki
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
55 human-written examples
The requirements of the diode include large ratio between forward and reverse current (F/R ratio) under read operation, fab-friendly process, and many types of diodes were discussed in the literature.
Science
Saline tonometry under reads compared to the Tonocap similar to that of general intensive care patients.
Science
If you are aged 12 or under, read books in the children's section.
Wiki
But Caistor said that Marsé was under-read in English.
News & Media
Misconception about game developers: That they are under-read.
News & Media
"A modern classic and criminally under-read," said goldennuggets.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "under reading", ensure the context clearly indicates what is being insufficiently read. For example, specify if it's a text, a situation, or a set of data.
Common error
Avoid using "under reading" when you mean "reading under something". "Reading under" implies a physical location (e.g., "reading under a tree"), while "under reading" suggests insufficient comprehension.
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "under reading" functions as a descriptive term indicating a deficiency in the reading process or comprehension. It is used to point out a lack of thoroughness or depth in understanding the material. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and usability.
Frequent in
Science
50%
News & Media
25%
Wiki
25%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Social Media
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "under reading" is a grammatically correct phrase used to describe a situation where someone has not fully understood or processed what they have read. Ludwig AI confirms that it is indeed usable in written English and the provided examples demonstrate that is less common than alternative expressions. While "under reading" is understood, alternatives like "superficial reading" or "incomplete reading" may be more common and easily understood. It's important to distinguish "under reading" from "reading under", which has a different meaning related to physical location.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
superficial reading
Focuses on the lack of depth in the reading process.
incomplete reading
Highlights that the reading process was not fully executed.
cursory reading
Emphasizes the hurried and brief nature of the reading.
perfunctory reading
Suggests a lack of genuine interest or effort in the reading.
shallow comprehension
Shifts the focus to the limited understanding gained from the reading.
inadequate interpretation
Highlights the insufficient or incorrect understanding derived from the reading material.
deficient understanding
Focuses on the lack of a complete or satisfactory grasp of the material.
poor reading comprehension
Indicates a general difficulty in understanding what is being read.
misinterpretation
Highlights that the understanding of the material was wrong.
faulty interpretation
Indicates that the extracted understanding is not valid.
FAQs
How can I use "under reading" in a sentence?
You can use "under reading" to describe a situation where someone hasn't fully grasped the meaning of something they've read. For example, "His "under reading" of the contract led to several misunderstandings".
What's a good alternative to "under reading"?
Depending on the context, alternatives like "superficial reading", "incomplete reading", or "shallow comprehension" can be used to convey a similar meaning.
Is "under reading" a commonly used phrase?
While grammatically correct, "under reading" isn't as common as other phrases that express similar ideas. Alternatives might be more readily understood in general conversation.
What is the difference between "under reading" and "reading under"?
"Under reading" refers to a lack of comprehension when reading, whereas "reading under" implies reading beneath something, often in a literal or physical sense. For example, "reading under a tree".
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
86%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested