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Briefly, the original questionnaire was translated into European Portuguese and culturally adapted by two healthcare professionals with English fluency, knowledgeable of the translation purpose.
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I recommend reading it with a Scottish friend (for translation purposes) and several single malts.
Hollywood renames movies for distribution overseas all the time, usually for translation purposes.
As it happens, that bulky handheld computer is mainly what the Pentagon has given soldiers for translation purposes.
It is probable that the differences between the two TTs are also caused by the different translation purposes and different audiences.
The English version of ICD-10 and the Swedish and English versions of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used for general translation purposes [ 26].
In addition, we asked the students whether they had used a dictionary for translation purposes or a textbook for looking up certain technical terms or concepts when reading the article and completing the assignment.
Finally we pilot tested the questionnaire with selected smokers and ex-smokers from the Chinese communities (n=5) to confirm validation of the measurement tool and for cultural relevance and clarification, as well as translation purposes including understandability, acceptability and applicability.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com