Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
they were characterised
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "they were characterised" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when describing the defining traits or features of a person, group, or thing in a specific context. Example: "In the study, they were characterised as innovative thinkers who challenged traditional norms."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Wiki
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
23 human-written examples
All raw materials were commercially available and they were characterised prior to composite production.
Science
They were characterised by XPS, CO chemisorption, TPD TPR and DRIFT.
Science
Like today's workers, they were "characterised by insecurity, by episodic, temporary and spatially diffuse employment, and very difficult to organise on a workplace basis".
News & Media
We stood by Pussy Riot when they were characterised as extremists, now can we ignore our government when it wants to ban people from the public sphere who offend religions?
News & Media
Elbow's career used to be viewed as a series of mishaps – even after 2001 they had problems with record companies, were signed and dropped, had LPs shelved or badly promoted – and they were characterised as nearly men until The Seldom Seen Kid, and its smash hit, One Day Like This, changed their punchline in 2008.
News & Media
Mounting evidence suggests Neanderthals were not the brutes they were characterised as decades ago.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
37 human-written examples
They are characterised by tormented conscience and by resilience.
News & Media
What these countries have in common is that they are characterised as being largely pro-European.
News & Media
They are characterised by large differences in hydroperiod (HP), size, shape and edge steepness.
However, they are characterised by their poor tribological properties which limit their applicability in tribological systems.
Science
They are characterised as new multimodal motions emanating from the backbone in the frequency stiffness plot.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "they were characterised", ensure the context clearly identifies who "they" refers to, and what specific characteristics are being described. This helps maintain clarity and avoid ambiguity.
Common error
Avoid using "they were characterised" when an active voice construction would be more direct and concise. For instance, instead of "they were characterised by their resilience", consider "their resilience characterised them" in certain contexts.
Source & Trust
80%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "they were characterised" functions as a passive construction used to describe the attributes or qualities assigned to a particular subject. As Ludwig confirms, this is a correct and usable phrase.
Frequent in
Science
45%
News & Media
40%
Wiki
15%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "they were characterised" is a common and grammatically sound construction used to describe the attributes or qualities of a subject. As Ludwig highlights, this passive construction is prevalent in scientific, news, and general contexts. While alternatives like "they were described" or "they were defined" exist, the key to effective usage lies in ensuring clarity regarding the subject and the described characteristics. While often appropriate, consider the active voice for more direct communication. Overall, the phrase serves as a valuable tool for detailed and descriptive writing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
they were described
Changes the verb from 'characterised' to 'described', focusing on a general depiction.
they were defined
Replaces 'characterised' with 'defined', emphasizing a more precise and formal outlining of traits.
they were identified
Substitutes 'characterised' with 'identified', highlighting recognition of specific features.
they were known
Uses 'known' instead of 'characterised', indicating a common or recognized attribute.
they were regarded
Employs 'regarded' to show a particular perception or viewpoint about their qualities.
they were considered
Replaces 'characterised' with 'considered', indicating an evaluation or judgment of their nature.
they were portrayed
Switches to 'portrayed', focusing on how they were represented or depicted.
their traits included
Alters the structure to actively state that their traits included certain attributes.
their attributes featured
Similar to the above, emphasizing that their attributes prominently featured specific qualities.
they exhibited properties of
Changes the phrasing to highlight that they displayed certain properties.
FAQs
How can I use "they were characterised" in a sentence?
Use "they were characterised" to describe the typical qualities or features that define a group or subject. For example, "The Neanderthals "they were characterised" by a short, muscular physique".
What does "they were characterised" mean?
It means that certain features or qualities were attributed to a group or subject, defining their nature or typical attributes. It suggests a description based on observed traits.
Is it better to use active or passive voice when using "they were characterised"?
While "they were characterised" is grammatically correct, using the active voice can sometimes make your writing more direct. Instead of "they were characterised by their innovation", you could say "their innovation characterised them".
What are some alternatives to "they were characterised"?
Alternatives include "they were described", "they were defined", or "they were identified", depending on the specific nuance you want to convey.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
80%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested