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No subdural catheter was used in any case.
Each pig also received an intracranial pressure (ICP) catheter and a subdural catheter for later fluorescein injection.
Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in all patients with a subdural catheter (Camino Systems).
A repeated negative liquid-aspiration test excluded subdural position of the catheter tip.
Of 49 patients with a known ICPM device, 14 patients received epidural catheters, six subdural, 11 intraparenchymal, seven intraventricular and 11 lumbar monitors.
The complications often associated to this technique include unilateral analgesia, extended epidural blockade, unplanned puncture of the dura or of a blood vessel, post-puncture dural headache (PDPH), subdural blockade, placement of the catheter out of the epidural space and neurological complications.
A number of methods for measuring ICP in anaesthetised rats have been described, including epidural monitors, subdural, ventricular and cisterna magna catheters, intra-parenchymal transducers and, recently, lumbar cannulation (for a comprehensive overview see Uldall et al. [ 9]).
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