Sentence examples for spoon effect from inspiring English sources

It has been hypothesised that adult fitness is either highest when larval and adult environmental conditions match (environmental matching) or it may be mainly determined by optimal larval conditions (silver spoon effect).

In contrast, the environment-matching hypothesis posits that this silver spoon effect depends on a continuation of favourable conditions into the adult stage [7].

One important consideration to our purported silver spoon effect should be discussed: that is, we have no information on our study animals prior to their first capture.

This is an example of a 'silver spoon' effect (Monaghan, 2008), whereby benign early conditions carry over into improved phenotypic status later in life.

In contrast, previous studies have often shown that individuals originating in "good-quality" environments have higher fitness than individuals from "poor-quality" environments [ 25, 26], the so-called "silver spoon" effect [ 27, 28].

Our results are in accord with previous studies that have found 'silver spoon' effects: lasting negative effects of posthatching developmental stress on adult flight performance in birds (Criscuolo et al., 2011; Miller, 2011; Verspoor et al., 2007).

The magnitude of the silver spoon effects was on par with the influence of contemporary regional habitat productivity, which showed that both temporal and spatial influences explain in part body size patterns in grizzly bears.

Inter-annual variability in climate the year before and of birth (silver spoon effects) had detectable effects on the three-body size metrics (R from 0.04 0.07); both maternal (year before birth) and natal (year of birth) effects of precipitation and temperature were related with body size.

After accounting for intrinsic biological factors (age, sex), we examined how body size, measured in mass, length and body condition, was influenced by: (a) population density; (b) regional habitat productivity; (c) inter-annual variability in productivity (including silver spoon effects); (d) local habitat quality; (e) human footprint (disturbances); and (f) landscape change.

These results illustrated that body size patterns of grizzly bears, while largely affected by basic biological characteristics (age and sex), were also influenced by regional environmental gradients the year before, and of, the individual's birth thus illustrating silver spoon effects.

This phenomenon is referred to as the "silver-spoon" effect as it emphasizes the importance of being born into "rich" environments [ 38].