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Exact(10)
(2) Normal grading > reverse grading.
During the transportation process, grain separation can occur, potentially resulting in the formation of normal and/or reverse grading structures in marine tephra beds.
This grading of epitaxial layer may be done in several approaches such as linear or nonlinear grading, step-grading, grading with overshoot interfaces, and reverse grading [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28].
A reverse grading is found only in 2 trenches located less than 200 m from the shoreline, forming the lowermost part of the tsunami deposits.
For the fabrication of a virtual substrate with SiGe buffer layers, a method using a reverse grading by a two-step growth procedure was employed [16].
The unit is characterized by matrix-supported texture and weak normal and/or reverse grading in the proximal area; however, the grading structure becomes unclear with distance from the vent.
Similar(50)
The most common combination is a lower part composed of plane or cross laminated sands, reverse graded sands or of massive sediments and an upper part composed of normally graded sediments.
Normal grading is often reported for tsunami deposits (e.g. Shi et al. 1995; Bondevik et al. 1997b; Minoura et al. 1997; Gelfenbaum and Jaffe 2003), especially in their upper part, reverse graded or ungraded material is typical of the lower part of tsunami deposits but is less common than normal grading (Hori et al. 2007; Paris et al. 2007; Choowong et al. 2008).
Lower sub-unit (depth 80 70 cm): Starts by reverse graded basal brownish sands (see formation on Fig. 5), containing an accumulation (20 to 30 cm in thickness) of carbonate concretions and rip-up clasts of the underlying dark grey silt and dark brown organic matter (OM).
Sections mounted onto Superfrost®/Plus slides (Fisher Scientific) were dewaxed using toluene and rehydrated in a reverse graded series of ethanol washes to water.
Serial sections (5 μm) of paraffin-embedded specimens were placed on Superfrost Plus slides (Fisher Scientific, Nepean, ON, Canada), de-paraffinized in toluene, rehydrated in a reverse graded series of ethanol and pre-incubated with 0.25 units/ml chondroitinase ABC (Sigma-Aldrich Canada, Oakville, ON, Canada) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 8.0) for 60 minutes at 37°C.
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