referred above

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "referred above" is not correct in standard written English.
The correct expression would be "referred to above." Example: "As mentioned in the document referred to above, the deadline for submissions is next Friday."

⚠ May contain grammatical issues

Science

News & Media

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

54 human-written examples

The valley irrigated by surface streams referred above has industrial agriculture and many horticulture plots for vegetable production.

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering

Lubrication would be an easy way to solve the problems referred above, but lubrication operations should be avoided because these kind of packages are for food purposes.

Surface and Coatings Technology

Inspired by Liang and Jing [10] and other articles referred above, we investigate the nonparametric regression model based on NOD random errors.

Journal of Inequalities and Applications

Thus, despite the negative results of the clinical trials referred above, a step-by-step, systematic investigation of the toxicity of different types of surfactants towards mammalian cells (particularly polarized epithelial cells and other cell types encountered in the vaginal mucosa) seems to be warranted.

Plosone

On balance, the three meta-analyses referred above prove moderate effects on certain variables and on certain type of interventions.

BMC Nursing

In addition to increasing safety concerns referred above, the considerable increment in manufacturing costs associated with conjugated products are contributing to this interest.

BioMed Research International

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

6 human-written examples

In particular, our interest will be focused on the micro-cogeneration, MCHP (electric power ≤15 kW), which represents a valid and interesting application of this technology which refers, above all, to residential and light commercial users [M.

Energy and Buildings

Hence I made a point of referring above to the terrorist attack in Norway, because that's what it was.

Huffington Post

All survival analyses were carried out using Kaplan Meier method and log-rank test in R (refer above).

EMBO Molecular Medicine

Lay your next row of tape down, once again above the pin marking (refer to above photo).

WikiHow

Frankly - as that is me, myself, I was referring to above - the answer is yes.

Huffington Post

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Always double-check your writing to ensure you use the correct form, which is "referred to above", to maintain grammatical accuracy and clarity.

Common error

The most common mistake is leaving out the preposition "to" after "referred". Always include "to" ("referred to above") to make the phrase grammatically correct.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "referred above" functions as a verb phrase aimed at referencing a previously mentioned element. Although Ludwig AI identifies this construction as grammatically questionable, it is often used in a variety of contexts.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

40%

News & Media

30%

Formal & Business

20%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

0%

Wiki

0%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, while "referred above" is commonly encountered, it's grammatically incorrect. The proper form is "referred to above". Ludwig AI identifies this discrepancy, highlighting that the omission of "to" is the main error. Although it is used across diverse domains like science, news, and business, maintaining grammatical accuracy by using "referred to above" is always recommended in formal writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

mentioned previously

Focuses on the act of mentioning, and uses "previously" instead of "above".

noted earlier

Uses "noted" which is similar to "referred", but replaces "above" with "earlier".

as stated before

Replaces "referred" with "stated" and "above" with "before".

previously cited

Uses the word "cited" instead of "referred", implying a more formal reference.

discussed earlier

Emphasizes the discussion aspect and replaces "above" with "earlier".

as detailed above

Uses "detailed" to replace "referred", highlighting the level of information given.

aforementioned

A more formal, single-word replacement for "referred above".

as indicated previously

Similar to the QUERY, but using indicated instead of referred.

the above-mentioned

A more formal variation, using "above-mentioned" as an adjective.

as has been stated

Emphasizes that something was already stated.

FAQs

How to correct the grammar of "referred above"?

The correct grammatical form is "referred to above". Always include the preposition "to".

Is "referred above" grammatically correct?

No, "referred above" is not grammatically correct. The correct form is "referred to above".

What is a more formal way to say "referred above"?

A more formal way to say "referred above" is "aforementioned".

What can I use instead of "referred above" in academic writing?

In academic writing, it's best to use the grammatically correct form, "referred to above", or alternatives like "previously cited" depending on the context.