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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
predicted by
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "predicted by" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when referring to a forecast or expectation made by someone or something regarding future events or outcomes. Example: "The results of the experiment were predicted by the initial hypothesis."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
59 human-written examples
A strange assembly... tomorrow's stars as predicted by Waterstone's.
News & Media
Vaughan said the regional variations were predicted by previous studies.
News & Media
Te move had been widely predicted by the fashion industry.
News & Media
Gravitational waves were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916.
News & Media
But that catastrophe was predicted by many experts.
News & Media
But will the disaster scenarios predicted by commentators be realised?
News & Media
In fact, it was predicted by most Arctic climate experts.
News & Media
The margins predicted by some of the polls are huge.
News & Media
cTP was predicted by ChloroP v1.1; transmembrane domain was predicted by TMpred; DUF647 was predicted by SMART Domain.
Science
Disease status was predicted by PRS.
Such results can be predicted by Eqs.
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "predicted by" when referring to outcomes that have been forecast using a specific model, theory, or expert opinion. For example, "The economic downturn was predicted by several leading economists."
Common error
Avoid using "predicted by" when describing mere possibilities or speculations. "Predicted by" implies a degree of certainty based on evidence or analysis, not just a potential outcome.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "predicted by" functions as a passive voice construction, indicating that something was forecasted or anticipated by a specific entity or method. Ludwig's examples demonstrate its use across various domains, showcasing the relationship between a prediction and its source.
Frequent in
Science
43%
News & Media
38%
Formal & Business
8%
Less common in
Reference
3%
Encyclopedias
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
The phrase "predicted by" is a common and grammatically correct way to attribute a forecast or expectation to a particular source. As noted by Ludwig, its usage spans across various contexts, particularly in scientific and news-related articles. While synonyms such as "forecasted by" or "anticipated by" exist, "predicted by" offers a balance of formality and clarity, making it a versatile choice for many writing scenarios. Remember to specify who or what made the prediction to ensure clarity and credibility.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
forecasted by
Replaces "predicted" with a synonym that emphasizes the projection of future events.
projected by
Similar to "forecasted", but often used in more technical or data-driven contexts.
anticipated by
Focuses on the expectation of something happening, rather than a precise prediction.
expected by
Indicates a belief that something will occur, based on prior knowledge or patterns.
foreseen by
Implies an ability to see or anticipate something before it happens, often through insight or wisdom.
estimated by
Suggests an approximate calculation or judgment of a future outcome.
calculated by
Highlights the use of a formula or method to determine a likely outcome.
indicated by
Suggests that something serves as a sign or signal of a future event.
determined by
Emphasizes that something is decided or influenced by a particular factor.
conjectured by
Uses a more formal term implying a conclusion deduced by guesswork or incomplete evidence.
FAQs
What's the difference between "predicted by" and "expected by"?
"Predicted by" typically implies a formal forecast based on data or models, while "expected by" suggests a general anticipation or belief.
How can I use "predicted by" in a sentence?
You can use it to show that an outcome was anticipated by a specific source or method. For example, "The increase in sales was predicted by the marketing team's analysis."
What are some alternatives to saying "predicted by"?
Alternatives include "forecasted by", "anticipated by", or "estimated by", depending on the context and the level of precision involved.
Is it always necessary to specify who or what "predicted by"?
While not always grammatically required, specifying the source of the prediction adds credibility and context to your statement. Omitting it might make the prediction seem baseless or vague.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested