estimated by

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "estimated by" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to a value or figure that has been approximated or calculated by someone or something. Example: "The total cost of the project was estimated by the financial analyst to be around $50,000."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

58 human-written examples

The statistics, as estimated by comScore, speak for themselves.

The Guardian - Tech

Schwarzman's fortune is estimated by Forbes magazine at $4.7bn.

The Guardian - Business

Billings were estimated by Adweek at $20 million.

The New York Times

Was it the 50percentt estimated by Ken Caminiti?

The New York Times - Sports

PEV was estimated by ANOVA.

Rice

Risk factors were estimated by logistic regression.

The Journal of Pediatrics

This disturbance is estimated by numerical method.

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

Number of ovulations was estimated by ultrasound.

Theriogenology

The model is estimated by maximum likelihood.

IZA Journal of Labor Policy

Then can be estimated by (11).

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

These parameters were estimated by 95%% confidence.

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When using "estimated by", clearly state who or what performed the estimation to avoid ambiguity. For example, "The cost was estimated by the project manager."

Common error

Avoid overuse of the passive voice with "estimated by", which can make your writing sound indirect. Consider using the active voice to make your sentences more concise and impactful. For example, instead of "The budget was estimated by the team", try "The team estimated the budget."

Linguistic Context

The phrase "estimated by" functions as a passive construction, indicating that an action (estimation) was performed on a subject. It is used to attribute the estimation to a specific source or method, as seen in examples from Ludwig.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

58%

News & Media

31%

Formal & Business

5%

Less common in

Wiki

3%

Encyclopedias

0%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "estimated by" is a common and grammatically sound construction used to attribute an estimation to a specific source or method. As confirmed by Ludwig, it effectively conveys that a value has been approximated rather than precisely measured. Its usage is prevalent in scientific and news contexts, indicating a neutral to formal register. While suitable for various writing styles, it's important to consider the active voice for more direct and impactful communication. Common alternatives include "calculated by", "approximated by", and "assessed by", depending on the desired level of precision. The widespread use of "estimated by" underscores its reliability and acceptability in formal and informal settings alike.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

approximated by

Suggests a less exact, more rounded figure.

computed by

Similar to calculated by but can suggest more complex procedures.

calculated by

Implies a more precise, mathematical determination.

projected by

Indicates a forecast or prediction.

forecasted by

Specifically relates to predictions about the future.

assessed by

Focuses on the evaluation aspect rather than a precise calculation.

derived by

Highlights the origin or source of the estimation.

evaluated by

Emphasizes the process of judging or valuing.

determined by

Highlights the act of finding something out definitively.

inferred by

Focuses on drawing a conclusion based on evidence.

FAQs

How can I use "estimated by" in a sentence?

Use "estimated by" to indicate that a value or quantity has been approximated or calculated by a particular entity or method. For instance, "The population size was estimated by statistical modeling."

What's a good alternative to "estimated by"?

Alternatives include "calculated by", "approximated by", or "assessed by" depending on the specific context and the level of precision you want to convey.

Is it better to use active or passive voice with "estimated by"?

While "estimated by" is grammatically correct, using the active voice can often make your writing more direct. For example, instead of "The damage was estimated by the insurance company", you could say "The insurance company estimated the damage".

What does "estimated by" imply about the accuracy of a value?

"Estimated by" suggests that the value is an approximation, not an exact measurement. The accuracy can vary depending on the method and data used for the estimation.