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Each experiment is defined by five parameters: the number of genes whose expression is perturbed in the cancer cells, their multiplicative perturbation factor, the number of heterogeneous tumor samples profiled, the number of sources in the Source Panel and the level of biological variability of the expression profiles of the same sources between different cancer patients.

In the following, we vary only a single parameter from the default; the default parameters we use are 100 perturbed genes, 3 tumor samples, 10 sources, a perturbation factor of two, perturbation scale prior κ = 10 [see Equation (5)], and a biological variability of 0.16 (16%), which empirically leads to ∼14% of genes differentially expressed, as measured by Lu et al. (2005).

Dose perturbations, backscatter dose perturbation factor (BSDF), and forward dose perturbation factor (FDPF) near high-Z material interfaces have been reported to be intense and significant in kilovoltage photon beams.

In this work, under a small perturbation of the background metric with the squeezing of other fields (scalar field in our case), the linear form of the energy-momentum tensor is calculated in terms of the perturbation factor.

Design scheme is applied to study the dynamics of HBM by taking different values for perturbation factor, tension factor in the muscle fiber and the length of the muscle fiber in the diastolic state.

Forward sensitivity analysis is more straightforward to apply, as no perturbation factor needs to be chosen, and even computes faster than finite differences for a benchmark example with three chemical components and load, wash and elution phases.

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Additionally, this curvature must be produced without introducing perturbation factors which cause the perturbed (L^2) norms to differ essentially from the starting (L^2) structure.

The perturbation factors are designed separately for changes in the energy level and spectral envelope.

A systematic method for the identification of the perturbation factors (ensemble generation) and for the selection of the ensemble size is discussed.

In addition to seasonal changes in morphology, physiology and behaviour that occur in predictable annual cycles, there are facultative responses to unpredictable events known as labile (i.e. shortlived) perturbation factors.

Some simple models based on food availability, body condition, social status and life-history stage, may allow predictions of sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to labile perturbation factors.

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