In order to counteract these expectations, we designed cigarette package warning labels that contradicted common positive outcome expectancies.
We expected similar patterns of relationships between drinking outcomes and demographic variables, alcohol outcome expectancies, mental health symptoms and family history in Sweden and the USA.
Smokers often have (implicit or explicit) positive smoking outcome expectancies that motivate them to smoke.
In males, both negative and positive outcome expectancies failed to mediate impulsivity and alcohol related problems.
Behavioral outcome expectancies partially mediated the relation between catastrophizing and follow-up pain and function.
Initial levels of outcome expectancies were related to subsequent changes in alcohol use, while the reverse was not true, suggesting that interventions focusing on outcome expectancies are appropriate for a substantial number of youth.
The present paper identifies drug use outcome expectancies as a common etiological mechanism involved in substance abuse risk.
The results suggest that interventions designed to specifically target behavioral outcome expectancies and catastrophizing might improve post-surgical outcomes.
The causal role of outcome expectancies in smoking motivation and behavior was tested in a laboratory experiment.
We then tested whether our warning labels changed smokers' self-reported positive outcome expectancies and smoking behavior.
Drug use in general may be motivated by outcome expectancies such as negative affective reduction and relaxation.
