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The second approach estimates multinomial logit models of destination location outcomes and uses the estimated model to produce location outcome estimates that control for characteristic differences.
This is likely to affect cost and outcome estimates in decision models.
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) outcome studies have largely focused on recipients of a single primary TJA, which may bias outcome estimates.
For binary outcomes (treatment success, mortality, and adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids), we reported the outcome estimates as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Using literature based clinical outcome estimates of EMPs for ICU patients, we developed a financial impact model and simulated the impact of introducing an EMP in an ICU on costs to hospitals, third-party payers, and capitated healthcare delivery systems.
We illustrate that when parameter uncertainty is not incorporated into outcome estimates, levels of vaccination and treatment predicted to prevent an influenza epidemic will only have an approximately 50% chance of terminating transmission and that sensitivity analysis alone is not sufficient to obtain this information.
We were not able to compare the cost-effectiveness of similar interventions or calculate standardised outcome estimates, due to lack of data on costs and effectiveness outcomes.
Patients with co-morbidities may be more likely to initiate ART at hospital level and also to have poorer outcomes, therefore these are potential confounders which may negatively affect overall outcome estimates at hospital level compared to PHC sites.
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Outcome effect estimates.
For all birth outcomes effect estimates were stronger in highly exposed than medium exposed.
Each outcome estimate was tested in 10,000 trials.
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