Sentence examples for mutations of larger from inspiring English sources

Moreover, architectures with many weakly adaptive mutations tended to become replaced by architectures with fewer mutations of larger effect.

In contrast, rare mutations of larger effect and a few common variants of small effect in several different genes, which are also involved in different cellular pathways, seem to be causal for many cases of AD.

Part of the debate centres on technical aspects, for example the question whether speciation will still occur for more realistic initial conditions, an increased number of loci, more realistic mutations rates, the inclusion of mutations of larger effect size, or the removal of constraints on the range of possible phenotypes (see Gavrilets 2004; Polechová and Barton 2005; Bürger et al. 2006).

Such results might reflect the presence of mutations of larger effect segregating in particular breed types, such as the PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) polymorphism (chr14:25001906..25052394), which segregates in Brahman and composite breeds but is close to fixation in B. taurus[ 19, 20].

Most mutational variance appears to be attributable to a few mutations of large effect in, for example, Drosophila (e.g., Bürger 2000 and references therein).

We discuss how state-of-the-art methods are uncovering a range of genetic mechanisms, from rare mutations of large effect to common polymorphisms that increase risk in a subtle way, while converging on neurogenetic pathways that are shared between distinct disorders.

Indeed, many small populations, both in the experiment and in the simulations, faced handicaps consistent with their diminished access to beneficial mutations of large effect.

It has long been known that deleterious mutations increase VE in certain circumstances, e.g., under inbreeding ([4], p. 289) and in genotypes with known mutations of large effect [5], [6].

Further studies at the genomic scale are required, examining individuals with extreme phenotypes, as the power of whole genome sequencing promises to identify not only mutations of large effect, but also target genes that can be utilized for the development of customized pharmacologic interventions.

Therefore, more mutations, and especially more mutations of large effect, would be adaptive.

The classic paradigm is that resistance evolution occurs by a few mutations of large effect.