Sentence examples for mutations observed by from inspiring English sources

Our estimates are also generally consistent with the number of 10,000 mutations per cell arrived at experimentally by Stoler et al. [19] They are also concordant with the range of frequency of "passenger" somatic mutations observed by Greenman et al. in an array of cancer genomes [20].

45 Genetic screening combined with Western blot analysis are performed as routine diagnostic tests, and Figure 2 shows the most frequent mutations observed by ethnic group.

However, it is unknown as to whether mutations observed by us at 146 and 152 in OSCC actually occurred in the tumour or non-tumour tissue for each patient examined.

The subclonal mutations observed by this method likely arise through AID-mediated somatic hypermutation and thus give a profound evidence for AID activity during disease progression in IgV-Mut as well as in IgV-UM cases.

Overall, mutations in NRAS and SMAD4 were stable in one case each, while genes mutated in more than one study case (KRAS and BRAF) showed different patterns of stability/instability for distinct variants (BRAF V600E vs. G469V, KRAS G12R vs. G12V) and even for the same variant (KRAS G12V).> -wrap-foot> *Only those mutations observed by two independent technologies (true positives) included.

Note that the frequency of mutation observed by enrichment PCR is influenced by the position of the restriction enzyme site.

The characteristics of microsatellite mutations observed in vitro by numerous DNA polymerases (see references below) and in genome analyses (Ellegren 2004; Webster and Hagberg 2007; Brandstrom and Ellegren 2008; Kelkar et al. 2008) support the strand slippage model.

The primary end point was D7S1482 mutation frequency, defined as the summation of all mutations observed in D7S1482 divided by the total number of alleles tested.

By contrast, the species were discriminated by point mutations observed at the trnL-F intergenic spacer region.

For each individual plant, we first divided the number of mutations observed in the viral progeny by the number of nucleotides sequenced (that is, from between one and six viral genomes), then divided this number by the time in years between inoculation and when the genomes were sampled to obtain the mutation rate per plant.

Most mutations occurred by passage 5 and all mutations were observed by passage 15.