Sentence examples for mutations early in from inspiring English sources

The possibility that mutations early in development are especially important influences on cancer risk makes this doubly interesting (Frank 2007b).

Thus, under the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging, beneficial mutations early in life will be favored even if they cause deleterious effects late in life (Willams 1957).

Yeast strains carrying mutations early in the ergosterol pathway exhibit lower survival rates than those with mutations at later parts of the pathway [ 53].

A significant proportion of cancer arises from mutations early in development resulting in mosaicism (Frank 2010), and positive selection in antagonistic co-evolutionary processes may account for maintenance of alleles that confer cancer vulnerability (Crespi and Summers 2006).

These frameshift mutations early in the coding sequence of the gene would inactivate that allele, which would reduce normal IDH1 function, rather than produce a gain of function as is seen with the R132 mutation.

This is because 'fast expander' cells are saturated with mutations early in life and increase in mutation load at older age is driven by progressively 'slower expanders', meaning slower increase in mutational load.

Each activation of an oncogene or inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene confers an additional selective advantage, as long as the necessary mutations earlier in the pathway have already occurred in that cell.

The advantages of faster growth may also have trade-offs resulting in increased risk of cancer because of less DNA repair, less apoptosis of cells with DNA damage, more generation of mutations earlier in development and perhaps higher levels of receptors for growth factors.

For instance, members of this sub-population may have inherited susceptibility conferred through low-penetrance alleles [47] or may have acquired a somatic mutation early in life [48].

In humans, NeuGc is not produced in any of the body tissues due to a frame-shift mutation early in human evolution leading to the deactivation of the CMP-NeuAc-hydroxylase (CMAH) gene which normally converts NeuAc to NeuGc [24].

aux727 has a nonsense mutation early in the open reading frame, and an N-terminally truncated protein containing both the clathrin binding and J domains, produced by translation reinitiation, could function in Notch signaling [33], [34].